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## Verse 476-4.17
**Samyamamarganga/553**
The abandonment of all four types of food - food, drink, edibles, and lehyas - is the **utkrista proshdhopavas** (highest type of fast). The fast where only water is consumed on the day of the fast is the **madhyama proshdhopavas** (medium type of fast). And the fast where **achaamlaahar** (a specific type of diet) is consumed is the **jghanya proshdhopavas** (lowest type of fast).
**Samayik** (a daily vow) is to be established daily. A fast should be observed on both the **ardhabhag** (half) days, i.e., the **Ashtami** (eighth lunar day) and **Chaturdashi** (fourteenth lunar day).
**Verse 151**
One should observe a fast on the day before the **proshdha** (fast) day, being free from all beginnings, abandoning self-attachment and **veha** (attachment to the body).
**Verse 152** [Purushartha Siddhi Pay]
**Verse 10** [Ratnakaranda Shravakaachar]
The abandonment of the four types of food is called **upavas** (fast). Eating once is called **proshdha** or **ekashan** (eating once). The fast with **proshdha** is called **proshdhopavas**. The one who observes the fast and eats once on the day of **dharana** (observance) and **parana** (breaking the fast) is called **proshdhopavas** according to the **shikshabat** (scriptural teachings).
**The characteristics of bhog (enjoyment) and upbhog (use)**
**Verse 83**
That which is to be abandoned after being enjoyed once is **bhog**. For example, food, drink, **vilepana** (application of unguents), etc. And that which is fit to be enjoyed again after being enjoyed once is **upbhog**. For example, clothes, ornaments, etc.
**Verse 161** [Purushartha Siddhi Pay]
**Himsa** (violence) arises from the **bhog** and **upbhog** of the **samyata** (controlled) and **samyatta** (controlled) **shravaka** (lay follower), not from any other source. Therefore, **bhog** and **upbhog** are also to be abandoned or limited, knowing their true nature and according to one's own capacity.
Food, drink, fragrance, and garlands, etc., are called **bhog**. And wearing clothes, bedding, ornaments, etc., are called **upbhog**.
**Footnotes:**
1. Commentary on **Charitrapahuḍ** verse 25.
2. **Ratnakaranda Shravakaachar**.