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## Gāghā 973
When the karmic force of vedakarma arises, the jīva exhibits various childish (unman) emotions. It experiences female, male, and neuter feelings. The emotion arising from the emergence of vedakarma is called bhāva-veda. In terms of both dravya and bhāva, all jīvas appear to have all three vedas. It is possible for all of them to have opposite vedas (viṣama vedas) in due course.
The jīva experiences bhāva-veda due to the emergence of nokṣāya, and dravya-veda, such as yoni, linga, etc., due to the emergence of nāma-karma. The three vedas, namely strī-veda, puruṣa-veda, and napuṁsaka-veda, are undoubtedly of two types in terms of dravya and bhāva, and they all become opposite and unequal in due course.
The emergence of sexual desire in the form of citta-vikṣepa in ātma-pravṛtti (the conscious aspect of the soul) is called veda. The presence of mustache, beard, linga, etc., in the body due to the emergence of nāma-karma is dravya-puruṣa. The presence of a beardless face, breasts, yoni, etc., in the body due to the emergence of nāma-karma is dravya-strī. The presence of a body devoid of both types of signs, such as mustache, beard, linga, etc., and breasts, yoni, etc., due to the emergence of nāma-karma is dravya-napuṁsaka.
While dravya and bhāva vedas are usually similar, they sometimes become dissimilar (viṣama) in humans and animals due to karmic influence. For example, a jīva may have dravya-puruṣa-veda but bhāva-strī or bhāva-napuṁsaka-veda. Similarly, a jīva may have dravya-strī-veda but bhāva-puruṣa or bhāva-napuṁsaka-veda. Or, a jīva may have dravya-napuṁsaka-veda but bhāva-strī or bhāva-puruṣa-veda. Thus, the possibility of viṣama vedas exists.
The ownership of these three vedas is described as follows:
* **Gāghā 7:** "Indriyas, vilivīyas, nārāyaṇas, and those who are completely unconscious are all, by rule, napuṁsaka-vedī. They are napuṁsaka-vedī in both dravya and bhāva."
* **Gāghā 8:** "Devas, those who dwell in the realm of enjoyment (bhoga-bhūmi), those who have an immeasurable lifespan, those who are born in the bhoga-bhūmi of the Bharata and Airavata regions, and those who are born in all the mleccha regions, both humans and animals, have only two vedas, puruṣa and strī. They do not have napuṁsaka-veda. There is no disparity in their vedas."
* **Gāghā 16:** "Those who have five senses, those who are born with disabilities, those who are happy, and those who are unhappy, both humans and animals, have all three vedas, strī, puruṣa, and napuṁsaka. There is also disparity in their vedas."
The characteristics of these three vedas are as follows:
* **Gāghā 273:** "Those who perform actions that lead to the enjoyment of the world, those who perform actions that lead to the enjoyment of the world, those who are the best of the best, are puruṣa-vedī."
**Note:** The text refers to various Jain scriptures and commentaries, including the Dhvala, the Abhaya Chandra Siddhanta Chakravarti commentary, the Mulacara Paryapti, and the Pravacana Pancasati.