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## 266/Go. Sa. Jivakanda
**Verse 162**
How can numerous beings be born from a single body, when the pudgala, bound to different beings, becomes vipāki, and the skandhas of the pāhara-vargaṇāmas, by means of the graudārita nokarma-skandhas, which are the cause of the body's form and give different fruits to different beings, cause the body to be relieved of its form?
**Solution:** There is no contradiction, because the pudgala, which is situated in one place and is connected with all the beings situated there, produces a single body for all the beings. This is because the effect produced by a common cause is also common. Since the effect is in accordance with the cause, it cannot be denied.
**Doubt:** What is meant by "nigoda"?
**Solution:** "Ni" means "connected with", "go" means "earth, region, dwelling", "da" means "gives", therefore "nigoda" means "a body that gives dwelling to countless beings in a limited space".
**Verse 192**
**Sāhāragamāhāro sāhāranaṁ māe pāraṇagahaṇaṁ ca |
Sāhāranaṁ jīvāṇaṁ sāhāranaṁ lakkharaṇaṁ bhariṇayaṁ ||19||**
**Meaning:** Ordinary food and ordinary inhalation and exhalation are said to be the characteristics of ordinary beings.
**Special Meaning:** This sūtra-gāthā describes the characteristics of both the embodied being and the body, because knowing the characteristics of one leads to knowing the characteristics of the other.
The taking in of pudgala-skandhas suitable for the body is called food. It is ordinary, meaning common.
**Doubt:** How can the food taken by one being be the food of countless beings at that time?
**Solution:** There is no contradiction, because the power generated by that food is taken in by the newly born beings at the time of their birth.
**Doubt:** If this is the case, then instead of saying "food is ordinary", shouldn't it be said "the power generated by food is ordinary"?
**Solution:** There is no fault in this, because by treating the cause as the effect, the power generated by food is also established as food.
**References:**
1. Dhavala Pu. 1 p. 270.
2. Svāmikātikēyānuprekṣā Sanskrit Tīkā p. 66.
3. Dhavala Pu. 1 p. 270 and Gu. 3 p. 332; Prā. Pa. Sa. p. 17 Gā. 82; Dhavala Pu. 14 p. 222, but this is the original verse 122.
4. Dhavala Pu. 14 p. 226.
5. Jayadhavala Pu. 14 p. 227.