Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Introduction
In the present age, the social system that aims to achieve human goals (purushartha) does not utilize all these concepts, nor can it. If there is a direct connection with the social system that aims to achieve human goals, it is only with the caste in the form of profession (vrutti-rupa jati). An individual accepts the caste in the form of profession according to their nature. This nature may be similar to that of the father and son, or it may be dissimilar. The father may have a sattvic nature, but his son may be a holder of a rajasic nature. The father may be a Brahmin, but his son may not like the traditional study and teaching and may prefer to become a soldier. The father may be a Vaishya, but his son may prefer the profession of study and teaching. The father may be a Kshatriya, but his son may work for someone else. Humans are of different natures, and according to those different natures, the accepted professions are of various kinds. The common classification of all these is the four varnas (chaturvarna). It is not necessary to explain that each varna is a general collection of many castes and sub-castes. Varna is a general collection, and jati is its specific collection. Changes in the specific can happen quickly, but changes in the general take some time. The maternal lineage is called jati. This is not the intention here to define jati.
## Varna and Kula
Based on a prominent male in the family, the practice of kula or lineage begins. For example, based on Raghu, the Raghu dynasty, based on Yadu, the Yadu dynasty, based on Arka-kirti, the Arka-Surya dynasty, based on Kuru, the Kuru dynasty, based on Hari, the Hari dynasty, etc., have come into practice. If, in the same lineage, another influential person emerges, their lineage begins, and the old lineage ends. From one lineage, many sub-lineages are born. This practice of lineage occurs in every varna, not just in the Kshatriya varna. It is another matter that the stories of only those lineages are found in the Puranas and other narrative texts. But it should also be kept in mind that the Puranas and other texts only narrate the stories of specific individuals, not everyone. This is the mention of the lineage of sex (youn-vansh). Apart from this, there is also mention of the lineage of knowledge (vidya-vansh), which is based on the Guru-Shishya tradition. This also has many variations. Thus, varna and lineage are general and specific forms. The worldly gotra is a variation of lineage or kula.
## Varna and Gotra
In Jainism, a karma called gotra is considered, from the rise of which a being is born into a high or low lineage. From the rise of a high gotra, one is born into a high lineage, and from the rise of a low gotra, one is born into a low lineage. The gods always have the rise of a high gotra, and the hell-dwellers and animals always have the rise of a low gotra. Among humans, the humans of the enjoyment realm (bhog-bhoomi) always have the rise of a high gotra, but the humans of the karma realm (karma-bhoomi) have the rise of both gotras, some have a high gotra, and some have a low gotra. Self-praise, slander of the existing qualities of others, and egoistic attitude bind a low gotra, and the opposite of this leads to the binding of a high gotra. The definition of gotra is written in the Gommatasara Karmakanda as follows:
"Santanakamenagav jeevaayara jast godan