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## Chapter Twenty-Four
**589.** The **pudgalas** are considered to be those that possess color, smell, taste, and touch. They are called **anvartanam** due to their nature of **purana** (filling) and **galana** (dissolving). ||145||
**590.** There are two types of **pudgala** arrangements based on the difference between **skandha** and **anu**. The collection of **snigdha** (smooth) and **ruksha** (rough) **anus** is called **skandha**. ||146||
**591.** Its extent ranges from **dwayanu** (two **anus**) to **maha-skandha** (infinite **anus**). Its variations include **chhaya** (shadow), **atapat** (sunlight), **tamo** (darkness), **jyotisna** (moonlight), **megha** (cloud), etc. ||147||
**592.** **Bhanavas** are the **karma-lingas** (karmic indicators), they are **dvi-sparsha** (two touches), **parimandala** (round). They are **ekavarna** (one color), **rasa** (taste), **nitya** (eternal), and **anitya** (non-eternal) in terms of **paryaya** (transformation). ||148||
**593.** There are six types of **pudgalas**: **sukshma-sukshma** (very subtle), **sukshma** (subtle), **sukshma-sthula** (subtle-gross), **sthula-sukshma** (gross-subtle), **sthula** (gross), and **sthula-sthula** (very gross). ||149||
**594.** **Sukshma-sukshma** is a single **anu** that is **arashya** (invisible) and **asprasya** (intangible). **Sukshmas** are the **skandhas** of **karma** because they are a collection of infinite **pradeshas** (regions). ||150||
**595.** **Shabda** (sound), **sparsha** (touch), **rasa** (taste), and **gandha** (smell) are **sukshma-sthula** because they are not perceived by the eye but are perceived by their respective senses (ear, skin, tongue, nose). ||151||
**596.** **Chhaya** (shadow), **jyotisna** (moonlight), and **atapat** (sunlight) are **sthula-sukshma** because they are visible to the eye but their form cannot be collected, making them **vighatarhit** (non-destructive) and therefore subtle. ||152||
**597.** **Drava-dravya** (liquid substances) like water are examples of **sthula-bheda** (gross difference). **Sthula-sthula** is **prithvi** (earth) and other **skandhas** that cannot be reunited after being separated. ||153||
Therefore, **pudgala-dravya** is **murtika** (concrete) and the rest of the **dravya** is **amurti** (abstract). ||144||
**Explanation:**
* **Pudgala** is a fundamental substance in Jainism, considered the building block of the physical universe.
* **Anvartanam** refers to the constant cycle of creation and destruction of **pudgalas**.
* **Skandha** is a collection of