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## The Seventeenth Chapter
**375** The ignorant being wanders through the realms of earth, water, fire, air, and plants, experiencing great suffering. ||22||
It suffers greatly in these realms due to being dug up, heated in flames, quenched, struck by heavy objects, and cut. ||23||
The being wanders repeatedly through the subtle, coarse, sufficient, and insufficient states, holding the position of a clockwork mechanism. ||24||
Even in the animal realm, the being experiences suffering throughout its life due to being killed, bound, and obstructed. ||25||
First, it suffers the pain of birth, then the pain of old age, and even greater, the pain of death. Thus, it is submerged in the ocean of existence filled with hundreds of whirlpools of suffering. ||26||
It perishes in an instant, ages in an instant, and takes birth in an instant. Thus, it is constantly trapped in the mud of birth, death, old age, and disease, like a cow. ||27||
The Jinas believe that the animal realm is the greatest abode of suffering, as the ignorant being experiences endless suffering there, unaware of the passage of time. ||28||
Then, with some weakening of its evil karma, it emerges from the animal realm with great difficulty and, driven by the chariot of karma, attains the human realm. ||29||
Even there, it experiences various physical and mental sufferings, being restrained by the enemies of karma, though it does not desire them. ||30||
Serving others, poverty, worry, and sorrow cause great suffering to humans, which seems like a direct hell. ||31||
The human body is like a cart filled with the burden of suffering. It is certain that this cart will overturn and be destroyed within three or four days. ||32||
Although beings in the heavenly realm experience some happiness,