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## The Third Chapter
85
There, the five Kulkaras of the first group had established the punishment of "Ha" for those who had committed offenses. This punishment meant, "Alas, you have committed such an offense." The next five Kulkaras had established the punishment of "Ha" and "Ma," meaning, "Alas, you have committed such an offense, do not do it again." The remaining Kulkaras had established the punishment of "Ha," "Ma," and "Dhik," meaning, "Alas, do not do it again, and you are despicable for committing the offense even after being stopped."
Bharata Chakravarti, during his reign, had established the practice of inflicting physical punishments like death, imprisonment, etc., on those who committed grave offenses.
The lifespan of these humans has been mentioned above using the numbers "Ama," etc. Therefore, to determine their lifespan, we will now describe their definitions.
One Purvang is equal to eighty-four lakh years. The square of eighty-four lakh, i.e., the product of multiplying it by itself, is called Purva (8400000 x 8400000 = 70560000000000). Multiplying this number by one crore gives us one Purva Koti. Multiplying Purva by eighty-four gives us Parvang, and multiplying Parvang by Purvang, i.e., eighty-four lakh, gives us Parva.
This method of multiplication should be applied sequentially to the subsequent numbers like Nayutang, Nayut, etc., without any confusion.
The names of these different numbers, in order, are mentioned below, as they are established in the eternal Jain scriptures.
These are: Purvang, Purva, Parvang, Parva, Nayutang, Nayut, Kumudang, Kumud, Padmang, Pan, Nalilang, Nalin, Kamalang, Kamal, Tutya, Tutik, Atatan, etc.