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## Adipurana
These verses are clearly taken from another text, perhaps as commentary, as they do not align with Jain tradition. Both verses are included in the printed Mahapurana with Marathi commentary, along with their Marathi translation.
Similarly, it is possible that the previous verse, which mentions the distinction between touchable and untouchable Shudras, was also included in the copies at some point:
"Karavo'pi mata dwadha sprusyaspruśyavikalpataḥ |
Tatraspruśyāḥ prajābāhyāḥ sprusyāḥ syuḥ kārtakādayah ||186||"
Because such ideas have no connection with popular culture.
## Introduction
The learned editor of the text has made sufficient conjectures in the introduction regarding the text and the author, based on the available material. The insights he has presented regarding the caste system and the concept of "Sazzatitva" (being worthy of respect), by illuminating the inner secrets of the text, are entirely original and the natural outcome of his study. By comparing it with Smritis (ancient legal texts) and other works, he has proven that Jain culture does not believe in the caste system based on birth ("janmana"), but rather on qualities and actions ("guna karma"). In this context, he has also discussed Sanskrit and Prakrit languages. These views are also worth knowing:
## Sanskrit-Prakrit
Prakrit language was the spoken language of the people, while Sanskrit language was bound by grammatical rules, refined, cultivated, and the language of a particular class. The teachings of Jain Tirthankaras were delivered in "Ardhamagadhi" language, which was the vernacular of the Magadha region. It contained half the words from the Magadha dialect and half from the dialects of all countries. The Tirthankaras had to convey their religious message to the common people, so they used the vernacular as the medium of their teachings.
When there was a need for a "Prakrit grammar" similar to Sanskrit grammar, it was naturally to be constructed according to the principles and suffixes of Sanskrit grammar. Therefore, Prakrit grammars often mention "Prakritiḥ Sanskritam, tatra bhavam Prakritam," meaning Sanskrit is the root and the word derived from it is Prakrit. The Prakrit word "Ghad" is created from the Sanskrit word "Ghat" according to the rules of Prakrit grammar. This does not mean that Sanskrit came first and then became corrupted. In fact, the vernacular Prakrit-Magadhi has always been the primary language, and it has acquired the form of "Sanskrit" by being regulated according to the rules of Sanskrit grammar, as is evident from the explanations of Ajad and Namisadhu.
Namisadhu, in his commentary on Rudrata's Kavyalankara, has written very clearly and logically that "Prakrit is the natural language system of all beings. It is the root, and the language that arises from it or is the same as it is Prakrit. It does not have the discipline and refinement of grammar, etc. Ardhamagadhi is the language of the ancient scriptures. The Prakrit that existed before is the true Prakrit. Children, women, etc., can easily understand it, and all other languages have originated from it. This is the Prakrit language, like water falling from the clouds, which, though having one form, acquires different forms in different countries and due to different cultures, resulting in Sanskrit and other later distinctions. Therefore, the scholars have described Prakrit first and then Sanskrit, etc. Panini's grammar and other grammars..."
1. "Ardha Bhagavadbhāṣāyā Magadhadeśabhāṣātmakam, aṣaṁ ca sarvadeśabhāṣātmakam" Kriyakalāpaḍh