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It is illogical to assume that substances are produced from the **Sutrakritanga Sutra** and then argue for the permanence of substances that are produced. The argument that permanent substances cannot act sequentially or simultaneously applies equally to the theory of impermanence, as impermanent substances also require cooperating causes to act sequentially or simultaneously. Cooperating causes are necessary for their production, as materials and resources are what bring about the work. No single substance can bring about the work. However, cooperating causes cannot produce any excess or peculiarity in an impermanent substance, as an impermanent substance, due to its impermanence, is not capable of being known by the intellect and therefore cannot be established as having excess. Furthermore, impermanent substances are not mutually beneficial or beneficiaries of each other. In such a situation, there is also a lack of cooperation between them. They cannot become cooperating causes. Without cooperating causes, specific actions cannot be produced. Therefore, it is more logical to consider substances as impermanent rather than momentary. Substances are produced from their causes. They are produced as impermanent. Accepting the other side of this argument is also not logical. This side should also be criticized by considering that substances are momentary, meaning they perish in an instant. Therefore, they are impermanent, or they transform into various forms, and therefore are impermanent. If it is accepted that substances are momentary, meaning they perish in an instant, then they are impermanent. According to this view, no substance can be the cause of another substance, nor can any substance be the effect of a cause. If all substances are only permanent for an instant, then who will be the cause of whom and who will be the effect of whom? In such a situation, the activity of causation by perishable substances that perish in an instant is also not possible. How can it be accepted that impermanent substances that perish in an instant are produced from causes? If it is said that the subsequent substance is produced from the preceding substance that exists for only an instant, then even momentary substances can be causes of each other. Causes can transform into effects. Thus, it is not logical to assume that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between them. A question arises here: does the preceding momentary substance itself perish and then produce the subsequent substance, or does it produce the subsequent substance without perishing? If it is said that the preceding substance itself perishes and then produces the subsequent substance, then this explanation is also not appropriate. How can a substance that itself perishes produce others? If it is said that the preceding substance produces the subsequent substance without perishing, then this is also not true, as the activity of the preceding substance would still exist at the time of the existence of the subsequent substance, and the theory of momentariness would not hold. If it is said that just as one side of a balance scale lowers itself and raises the other side, in the same way the preceding substance lowers itself and raises the subsequent substance, then this is also not logical. The preceding substance cannot lower itself and raise the subsequent substance, as the preceding substance is itself perishable and does not have the capacity to raise the subsequent substance. Therefore, the theory of momentariness is not logical. It is not possible for a substance to be produced from another substance that is itself perishable. Therefore, it is more logical to consider substances as impermanent rather than momentary. Substances are produced from their causes. They are produced as impermanent. This is the only logical conclusion.