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The **Sri Sutra Kritanga Sutra** states that **knowledge**, **science of taste**, and other such **sciences** are called **knowledge-skandha**. Words that are the **extractors**, **illuminators**, or **indicators** of substances are called **name-skandha**. **Sin**, **merit**, and other such **dharma-samudaya-samavaya-samskara** are called **skandha**. Apart from these, the substance called **soul** is not experienced directly. No **sign**, **mark**, or **characteristic** is found that is **invariably** and **perfectly** associated with the soul. Therefore, the soul cannot be known through **inference** either. Apart from **direct perception** and **inference**, there is no third **proof** that can establish the truth of the soul, which is **non-contradictory** and **true**. Therefore, just as ignorant children are devoid of knowledge of substances, they state that the five **skandha** are **momentary**. **Extremely restricted** or **subtle time** is called a **moment**. The connection or **yoga** with that **moment** is called **momentary**. The substance that is connected or associated with that **moment** is called **momentary**. That **moment** alone exists or persists. Buddhists present their doctrine in this way to prove it. They say in the language of questions: Is the substance that arises due to its causes **perishable** or **imperishable**? If it arises as **imperishable**, then the **meaningful actions** that are present in the substance can arise simultaneously and gradually. Therefore, due to the absence or non-existence of the **meaningful action** in its **extensive form**, the **substance** that is capable of being **pervaded** and **pervading** will also not exist. The **meaningful action** that is **capable** of acting on the substance or object is truly **real** and **eternal**. Its nature is not **perishable**. A question arises: Does that **eternal substance** engage in **meaningful action** simultaneously or gradually? If you say that it engages in action gradually, then it is not consistent because in the time when it is engaged in performing one action, the question arises whether it has the nature of performing another action or not. If you say that it has the nature of performing another action, then why does it not perform other actions simultaneously? Why does it perform them in order or gradually? If you say that the nature of that **philosophy** to perform other actions besides the **action being performed** exists in that time, but its **action** is connected with **cooperating causes**, therefore, it performs actions gradually, not simultaneously, depending on them, as they are available. This is also not appropriate. Tell me whether the **cooperating cause** produces something **extraordinary** in the object or not. If it produces something **extraordinary**, then does it arise by abandoning the previous nature of the object or without abandoning it? If it arises by abandoning the previous nature of the object, then the object becomes **impermanent** due to the absence of its **original state** or **nature**. It cannot be **eternal**. If it is said that the previous nature of the object is not abandoned, then there is an absence of any **extraordinary** or **distinctive feature** in it due to the **cooperating cause**. No **extraordinary** can be produced in it. When this is the case, then what is the need for the **cooperating cause**? If it is said that the **cooperating cause**, although it does nothing, is still needed for a specific task, then this is also unreasonable. It has been said:
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