Sutrakritang Sutra

SR No.: 032440
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Sudarshanlal Acharya, Priyadarshan Muni, Chhaganlal Shastri
Publisher: Shwetambar Sthanakvasi Jain Swadhyayi Sangh
Publication Year: 1999
Total Pages: 658
Language: Hindi
Classification: Book_Devnagari & agam_sutrakritang
File Size: 21 MB

Page 36

श्री सूत्रकृताङ्ग सूत्रम् - चार्वाक इस प्रकार अपने सिद्धान्तों की व्याख्या करते हैं -
(पांचभूतों के अतिरिक्त कोई भी परलोक जाने वाला-मृत्यु के उपरान्त अन्यभव प्राप्त करने वाला आत्मा नाम का पदार्थ नहीं है । न पाप है और न पुण्य है । ऐसे सिद्धान्तों को स्वीकृतकर ये लोकायतिक-इसलोक को ही सब कुछ मानने वाले चार्वाक-इन सिद्धान्तों में विश्वास करने वाले पुरुष कामनाओं में-सांसारिक सुखों की अभिप्सा और भोग आदि में आसक्त लोलुप बने रहते हैं। वे इन शब्दों में एक महिला को संबोधित करते हुए कहते हैं-हे कल्याणी ! ये मानवलोक इतना ही है जितना इन्द्रियों द्वारा दृष्टिगोचर होता है, प्राप्त होता है । एक मनुष्यमार्ग से निकला । मार्ग में उसके पैर का निशान अंकित हो गया, उसे देखकर अबहुश्रुत-अज्ञानी पुरुष कह देते है कि ये भेड़िये के पंजे का निशान है । स्वर्ग, आदि भी इसी प्रकार अज्ञानजनित मित्याकल्पनाएं है । हे सुन्दरी !-उत्तम देहधारिणी, अच्छा खाओ और पीओ । जो व्यतीत हो गया, वह तुम्हारा नहीं है । हे भोली ! जो चला गया, वो वापस नहीं लौटता । यह शरीर पांच तत्वों का समुदय या सम्मिलित पुंज है ।
__ इस प्रकार अपने-अपने सिद्धान्तों में जिनका अन्तःकरण अनुवासित-आसक्त है, वे परमार्थ को नहीं जानते । तीर्थंकर भगवान् द्वारा प्रतिपादित सिद्धान्तों का अतिक्रमणकर-त्यागकर अपने-अपने ग्रन्थों में सिद्धान्तों में बंधे रहते हैं तथा काम भोगों में लिप्त रहते हैं ।
संति पंच महब्भूया, इह मेगेसिमाहिया ।
पुढवी आउ तेऊ वा वाउ आगासपंचमा ॥७॥ छाया - संति पञ्च महाभूतानीहैकेषा माख्यातानि ।
पृथिव्यापस्तेजो वा वायुराकाशपञ्चमानि ॥७॥ अनुवाद - पंचभूतवादी ऐसा प्रतिपादन करते हैं कि पृथ्वी, जल, अग्नि, वायु और आकाश ये पांच महाभूत ही इस जगत में मूल तत्व है ।
टीका - साम्प्रतं विशेषेण सूत्रकार एव चार्वाकमतमाश्रित्याह - संति विद्यन्ते महान्ति च तानि भूतानि च महाभूतानि, सर्वलोकव्यापित्वान्महत्वविशेषणम् अनेन् च भूताभाववादिनिराकरणं द्रष्टव्यम् ‘इह' अस्मिन् लोके एकेषां भूतवादिनाम् आख्यातानि' प्रतिपादितानि तत्तीर्थकृता तैर्वा भूतवादिभिर्बार्हस्पत्यमतानुसारिभिराख्यातानि स्वयमङ्गीकृतान्येषाञ्च प्रतिपादितानि । तानि चामूनि, तद्यथा-पृथिवी कठिनरूपा, आपोद्रवलक्षणाः तेजउष्णरूपं, वायुश्चलनलक्षणः, आकाशं सुषिरलक्षणमिति, तच्चपञ्चमं येषां तानि तथा, एतानि साङ्गोपाङ्गानि प्रसिद्धत्वात् प्रत्यक्ष प्रमाणावसेयत्वाच्च न कैश्चिदपोतुंशक्यानि।ननु च सांख्यादिभिरपि भूतान्यभ्युपगतान्येव, तथाहि सांख्यास्तावदेवमूचुः -सत्वरजस्तमोरूपान्, प्रधानान्महान् बुद्धिरित्यर्थः महतोऽहङ्कारः-अहमिति प्रत्ययः, तस्मादप्यहङ्कारात् षोडशको गण उत्पद्यते, सचायं-पञ्चस्पर्शनादीनि बुद्धीरिन्द्रयाणि, वाक्पाणिपादपायूपस्थरूपाणि पञ्चकर्मेन्द्रियाणि, एकादशमनः, पञ्चतन्मात्राणि, तद्यथा-गन्ध रस रूपस्पर्शशब्द तन्मात्राख्यानि । तत्र गन्धतन्मात्रात्पृथिवी, गन्धरसरूपस्पर्शवती।रसतन्मात्रादापो रसरूपस्पर्शवत्यः।रूपतन्मात्रात्तेजो रूपस्पर्शवत् स्पर्शतन्मत्राद्वायुःस्पर्शवान् शब्दतन्मात्रादाकाशं गन्ध रसरूप स्पर्शवर्जितमुत्पद्यत इति । तथा वैशेषिका अपि भूतान्यभिहितवन्तः तद्यथा-पृथिवीत्वयोगात्पृथिवी, साच परमाणु लक्षणा नित्या, द्वयणुकादिप्रक्रमनिष्पन्न कार्य्यरूपतयात्वनित्या । चतुर्दशभिर्गुणै रूपरसगन्ध
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Translation AI Generated

## The Sutra Kritanga Sutra - The Charvakas explain their doctrines as follows:

(There is no substance called soul that goes to the afterlife - obtains another existence after death - besides the five elements. There is no sin and no virtue. Accepting such doctrines, these Lokayatikas - those who consider this world as everything - Charvakas - those who believe in these doctrines - remain greedy, attached to desires - the pursuit of worldly pleasures and enjoyment. They address a woman in these words: "O auspicious one! This human world is only as much as is perceived by the senses, obtained. A man went out on a path. His footprint was marked on the path. Seeing it, an ignorant man says that this is the mark of a wolf's paw. Heaven, etc., are also such false imaginations born of ignorance. O beautiful one! - possessor of an excellent body, eat and drink well. What has passed is not yours. O naive one! What has gone does not return. This body is a collection or a combined mass of five elements."

Thus, those whose hearts are attached to their own doctrines do not know the ultimate truth. They transgress - abandon - the doctrines propounded by the Tirthankara Bhagwan, remain bound by the doctrines in their own scriptures, and indulge in sensual pleasures.

"There are five great elements, this is what they say. Earth, water, then wind, and the fifth is space." (7)

Commentary: "There are five great elements, these are the names given. Earth, water, fire, wind, and space are the five." (7)

Translation: The proponents of the five elements declare that earth, water, fire, wind, and space are the fundamental elements in this world.

Commentary: Here, the author of the sutra specifically refers to the Charvaka doctrine and says: "There are, and they are great, and they are elements, and they are great elements. They are great because they permeate all worlds. This refutes the doctrine of the non-existence of elements. 'Here' in this world, they are declared by the proponents of the elements. They are declared by the Tirthankaras, or by the proponents of the elements, who follow the Barhaspatya doctrine. They are accepted by themselves and declared by others. And these are: earth, which is hard; water, which is fluid; fire, which is hot; wind, which is mobile; and space, which is empty. And those who have these five, they are as they are. These are well-known and can be perceived by direct experience, so they cannot be refuted by anyone.

Now, the Samkhyas and others also accept elements. For example, the Samkhyas say: "From the three qualities of sattva, rajas, and tamas, the great one arises, which means intellect. From the great one arises ego - the feeling of 'I'. From ego arises the group of sixteen, which includes the five sense organs of touch, etc., the five organs of action - speech, hands, feet, anus, and genitals - the eleventh, mind, and the five subtle elements. These are: the subtle elements of smell, taste, form, touch, and sound. From the subtle element of smell arises earth, which has smell, taste, form, and touch. From the subtle element of taste arises water, which has taste, form, and touch. From the subtle element of form arises fire, which has form and touch. From the subtle element of touch arises wind, which has touch. From the subtle element of sound arises space, which is devoid of smell, taste, form, and touch."

Similarly, the Vaisheshikas also mention elements. For example, they say: "Earth arises from the quality of earthness. It is eternal, characterized by atoms. It is impermanent in the form of effects produced by the process of two atoms, etc. It has fourteen qualities: form, taste, smell, etc."