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## **Chapter 12: ** **Parayapa**
**Verse 1220:**
**Meaning:** It should be understood that **bandha** (bondage) is the state where a living being, through the influence of passions like anger, etc., becomes susceptible to karmic actions.
**Verse 1221:**
**Meaning:** There are four types of **bandha**: **prakritibandha** (bondage of nature), **sthitibandha** (bondage of state), **anubhagabandha** (bondage of experience), and **pradeshabandha** (bondage of space). Among these, **prakritibandha** is further divided into two types: **mula** (root) and **uttara** (secondary).
**Verse 1222:**
**Meaning:** The root natures of karma are: **jnanavarana** (veil of knowledge), **darshanavarana** (veil of perception), **vedaniya** (painful), **mohaniya** (delusive), **ayurnama** (life span), **gotra** (family lineage), and **antaraya** (obstacles).
**Verse 1223:**
**Meaning:** The number of **prakriti** (natures) for **jnanavarana** and other karmas are: five, nine, two, twenty-eight, four, and forty-two. The **uttara** (secondary) **prakriti** are two and five.
**Verse 1224:**
**Meaning:** The **prakriti** (natures) of **abhinibodha** (knowledge of the self), **sudao** (good conduct), **himan** (non-violence), **pajjaya** (faith), and **kevala** (perfect knowledge) are...