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INTRODUCTION
21
for the layman (VII. 21). The contemporary environments not being quite favourable for jñāna and cāritra, he prefers to lay more stress on bhakti, (IX. 30, XXI. 6, etc.), almost of the theistic pattern (XX). He is well-read in Jaina dogmatics, and in that frame-work, he has even harnessed the Vedāntic terminology and Bhakti cult (VIII, IX, XX, XXI and XXIII etc.). He is a poet of no mean order; and some of the spiritual contexts are expressed by him with remarkable ease, facility and dignity ( XXIII). He is a saint of meditative mood, more inward than qutward in his religious approach. There are certain cantexts in these prakaranas which rank him with Bhartphari, Guņabhadra, Subhacandra, Amrtacandra and other religio-didactic poets of the middle ages.
7. Pp--THE SANSKRIT COMMENTARY
The anonymous Sanskrit commentary, printed along with the text in the present edition, is more a prosaic performance, perhaps of a novice (having Hindi as his mother tongue) who has put down his jottings in his attempt to understand the text of Pp, than a studied exposition explaining the text in a thorough manner. It is seen that minor details are explained with synonyms and real difficulties are passed over silently; and in some places even the explanations are far from satisfactory.
The Sanskrit expression of the commentary is loose about gender and agreement and mixed with Hindi sentences and words in some places (IV. 12 etc. ). We come across many forms, obviously wrong but often reflecting the pattern of the New Indo-Aryan: for instance, astāviņsatayaḥ for astāviṁsatiḥ, sarvam dharmam for sarvo dharmaḥ (1. 38 ); vana-tişthanena (I. 67 ); durjayaḥ durjitah (I. 99 ); stūyamāneșu stutyamūnesu (I. 106 ); kathinena prāpyate (I. 166) ka āscaryah for kim āscaryam (III. 2); pramuktvā for pramuoya (XIII. 39); etc. His Sanskrit renderings of Prākrit words are often incorrect : for illustration, amhārisāņa mama sadrśānām, hiyaïcchiyā hrdayasthitā (XIII. 5), jiyāna yavatām (Ibid. 21), cciya arcya pūjya ( Ibid. 19, 33); etc. This being the only available commentary, it was thought advisable to put it in print along with the text.