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5. Change of place of Articulation : Prakrit
Kannada a. dental become retroflex :
ta>ďa : sanghata > sanghāda sangbāta>sangbada na>ņa ; sthāna>ļhāņa.
sthāva>thāņa>tāna b. tril becomes latral : ra>la : caraṇa>calaņa
carana >calana 6. Voicing of Consonants :
The tendency of voicing the surds is quite in agreement with the Prakrit used in South by Kundakunda and others. Later grammarians called this Sauraseņi feature. But linguistically this voicing precedes the elision of medial surds giving place to the constituent vowel or ya-śruti, a. ka>ga : asoka >asoga
aśoka >asoga ca> ja ;
kāca> gāja>gāju ţa>da : tada : ratna>radana
ratna >radana pa>va : dipikā>divigā
dipikā>divige vāpi>vāvi
Vāpibävi 7. Changes of Conjunct-consonants :
Most of the clusters tend to form geminated groups by the process of assimilation which is progressive and regressive. The consonants accord. ing to decreasing strength are : a) mutes, b) nasals and c) 1, s, v, y, r in order. The treatment of conjunct-consonapants as in Prakrit is the same in Kannada also. a. surd+surd : kta>tta : yukti>jutti
tpa>ppa : utpața >uppada
tpha >ppha : satphala >sapphala b. mute + pasal : tnanna: ratna>ranna c. mute+sibilants :
vatsalā> vaccalā> vaccale
apsaras>accharā>accarase d. sibilants + mutes :
āścarya >accariya > accari kastüri>kattūri>katturi vişkira>vikkira, a kind of bird śāsvata>sāsata
amavasya >amavassa >amāvāsa>amāvāse. e. liquids + mutes :
parva > pabba >habba, sarva>savva>sabba, garbhagabbhagabba, dharma >dhamma, markața>makkada, karkasa> kakkasa.
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