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Jaina Theory of Production of Sound and Evolution ...
iv)
logantapajjavasiyā,
It ends at the extremities of the cosmos (because motion if limited to the cosmos).
109
Jīva, though the ultimate source of language or speech, can produce it in conjunction with a physical body. The jīvas are embodied in a physical frame because of their respective Karmans of which there are eight types [jñāna-darśanā-varaṇa-vedaniya-mohaniyāyuṣka-nāmgotrāntarāyāḥ TS. 8.5] and (according to TS) ninety-seven [5+9+2+28+4+42+2+5] sub-types. The Karman which determines the body of a jīva is called nama-Karman. It has forty-two sub-types.
The sub-type
(i) gati determines whether the jīva in question will be born as (a) sura (god), (b) nara (human), (c) nāraka (infernal being) or (d) tiryañca (non-human beings living on earth, in water and in air); (ii) jāti determines species;
(iii) sarīra determines the shape and size of the body;
(iv) varna, gandh, rasa, phāsa, ātapa, uddyota etc. determine colour, smell, taste, touch, heat and lustre etc. of the body;
(v) svara-namakarma determines voice whether agreeable or disagreeable; etc.
Of the earthly jīvas, there are six categories (ṣaḍ-jīva-nikāya) these may be divided as mobile (trasa) and immobile (sthavara). The latter consists of (1) the earth-bodied beings, (2) water-bodied beings, (3) fire-bodied beings, (4) wind-bodied beings, and (5) plant-bodied beings.
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All these are one-sensed beings, having only the sense of touch. The sixth category is that of the mobile beings. These may be (i) twosensed, having the sense of taste in addition, as the earth-worm; (ii) three-sensed, having the sense of smell in addition, like the ants; (iv) four-sensed, having sight in addition, like the black bee; and (v) fivesensed, having the sense of hearing in addition, like birds, animals and humans.
The immobile beings cannot have the faculty of producing
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