Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Chapter 64:
**On the Conduct of the Shravaka**
**30.** The Jain scriptures state that the root of human suffering lies in **deceit** and **exploitation**.
**31.** **What is the meaning of "giving violence"?** The wise ones say that giving weapons like axes, swords, shovels, fire, horns, and chains is considered **giving violence**.
**31.** **Who are these wise ones?** They are the **Ganadharas** and other **Devas**. **What is it?** It is **giving**. **To whom?** To those who are the **causes of violence**, the **instruments of violence**. **What are these causes?** They are **axes**, **swords**, **shovels**, **fire**, **weapons** like knives and clubs, **horns**, **poison**, **chains**, and so on.
**32.** **Now, let us explain the nature of "unwholesome thought".** The wise ones of the **Jina's teachings** state that **unwholesome thought** is the contemplation of **killing**, **binding**, **cutting**, **hatred**, and **lust** for another's spouse.
**32.** **Who are these wise ones?** They are the **discerning** ones. **Where?** In the **Jina's teachings**. **What is it?** It is **wholesome thought**, **contemplation**. **Of what?** Of **killing**, **binding**, **cutting**, and so on. **From what?** From **hatred**. **Not only from hatred, but also from lust**. **Of what?** Of **another's spouse**.
**33.** **Now, let us describe the nature of "unwholesome hearing".** Unwholesome hearing is the contamination of the mind by **falsehood**, **deceit**, **pride**, **hatred**, **lust**, **anger**, and **delusion**.
**Note:**
* **Shravaka:** A lay follower of Jainism.
* **Ganadhara:** A disciple of Mahavira, the last Tirthankara.
* **Deva:** A celestial being in Jain cosmology.
* **Jina:** A victorious one, a title for a Tirthankara.
* **Tirthankara:** A spiritual teacher who establishes a new Jain tradition.