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with the help of their omniscience. There are innumerable Tirthankars belonging to the past, because the past is an infinite period of time. Same is true for the future. During the present time a minimum of 20 Tirthankars exist; four each in the five Mahavideh areas. The maximum number of Tirthankars at a given time can be 170. This figure is arrived at on the basis that the maximum number of Tirthankars in five Mahavideh areas can be 32 each (160) and that in five Bharat areas and five Airavat areas can be one each (10); the total being 170.
The terms akhyan, bhashan, prajnapana and prarupana have slight differences in their meanings, although the basic meaning is stating or conveying. To answer questions by others is akhyan; to give a speech in an assembly of gods and human beings is bhashan; to remove doubts of disciples is prajnapana; and to elaborate or explicate an object or principle is prarupana.
(Sheelank Tika of Acharanga, leaf 162) As confirmed by Acharya Jinadas, praan, bhoot, jiva and sattva are accepted as synonyms. But some special interpretations of these words have also been done, as already discussed in aphorism 49 of chapter one.
Hantavva to uddaveyavva are five types of violence. The meanings are as follows
Hantavva—to destroy or kill. Ajjaveyavva--to force to do some work or to force to obey order. Parighettavva—to subjugate or enslave.
Paritaveyavva–to cause harm, pain, irritation, inconvenience, etc.
Uddaveyavva—to create disturbance; to deprive one of its essence.
Four attributes of the ahimsa way of life have been stated here--
सम्यक्त्व : चतुर्थ अध्ययन
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Samyaktva : Forth Chapter
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