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pain. This has been done to show that every being desires happiness, peace and security. Discomfort, fear and pain are horrifying and distressful to them. Therefore desist from causing them harm.
Generally speaking pran, bhoot, jiva and sattva are synonyms of jiva or being. But they have also been given different meanings. For example, in Bhagavati Sutra. (2/1) these words are defined as follows___As it is endowed with ten types of pran (vital force) it breathes. Therefore it is called pran.
As it has existence in all the three times (past, present and future) it is called bhoot.
Because of the age determining karma it lives, therefore it is called jiva.
In spite of a variety of changes in form the existence of soul is unaffected therefore it is called sattva.
Commentator Acharya Sheelank has defined these terms as follows
Pran-two, three and four sensed beings. Bhoot-plant-bodied beings.
Jiva-five sensed beings or animals, humans, gods and hell beings.
Sattva-earth-bodied beings, water-bodied. beings, fire-bodied beings and air-bodied beings. त्रसकाय-हिंसा-निषेध
५१. लज्जमाणा पुढो पास। 'अणगारा मो' त्ति एगे पवयमाणा। जमिणं विरूवरूवेहिं सत्थेहिं तसकायसमारंभेणं तसकायसत्थं समारंभमाणे अण्णे अणेगरूवे पाणे विहिंसइ।। ___ ५१. तू देख ! प्रत्येक संयमी साधक जीव-हिंसा में लज्जा का अनुभव करते हुए उससे विरत रहते हैं। कुछ साधु 'हम गृहत्यागी हैं' यह कहते हुए भी अनेक प्रकार के उपकरणों से त्रसकाय का समारंभ करते हैं। जो विविध प्रकार के शस्त्रों से त्रसकाय का समारंभ करते हैं, वे त्रसकाय की हिंसा करते हुए अन्य अनेक प्राणियों की भी हिंसा करते हैं। आचारांग सूत्र
Ilustrated Acharanga Sutra
( ६४ )
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