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Division of Knowledge
213 Similarly, the distinction among laingika (inference). smsti (memory) and ārsa (supernatural cognition) also is based on the cause. 1 Lairgika is defined as the cognition produced by the reflection on the middle term (hetu). Smộti is produced by the awakening of past impressions8 (Saṁskāra). Ārsa is produced by virtues4 (dharma). The Nyāya system and the later tenets of the Vaiseșika school do not recognize ārsa as a separate cognition. They include, it into the yogic perception.
The division of avidyās is, however, mainly based on the faulty appearance. The samsaya differs from viparyaya in its undecisive character. Apadhyavasāya is indistinct appearance. Svapna (dream) is however, distinguished on the basis of sleep, which is a cause.
The Nyāya classifies knowledge according to the following table :
1 Vaiśesika Sūtra 9.2.1 2 Ibid. 9.2.2-5 3 Ibid. 9.2.6 4 Ibid. 9.2.13 5 Vaišesika Sūtra Upaskara 6 p. 298 6 Siddhānta Muktavali 1 K. 51
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