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[164] 'The ultimate nirjara-pudgalas are those that are free from the transformation of karma, devoid of karma-paryaya, and are atoms (pudgalas).’ The reason for the rise of this question is that it was previously stated in this chapter that the four senses of hearing, etc., perceive the substances of sound, etc., which are tangible and enterable. In this situation, it is natural to ask whether the ultimate nirjara-pudgalas, which are pervasive throughout all realms, are not touched and entered by the senses of hearing, etc.? The second point is that this question is asked for the sake of the chhadmastha human being, because the kevali does not know or see through the senses, but knows and sees everything everywhere from all the praatma regions. The chhadmastha human being knows and sees through the senses that are cultivated by specific karmas related to the limbs and organs. Why is the chhadmastha human being unable to know and see the ultimate nirjara-pudgalas? - The human being who is chhadmastha, i.e., who is deficient in specific avadhi-jnana and kevala-jnana, cannot know or see the otherness of those nirjara-pudgalas (atoms) that are free from karma-paryaya at the end of the saileshi stage, i.e., these nirjara-pudgalas belong to such and such a shraman, these belong to such and such a shraman, and so on, and cannot know or see the various differences (nanaatva) of color, etc., in a single pudgala, and their inferiority, triviality (nisaaratva), heaviness (gurutva), and lightness (laghutva). Two main reasons have been given for this - one is that these pudgalas are so subtle that they are imperceptible and invisible to the sense paths of the eye, etc. The second reason is that these extremely subtle atomic pudgalas are pervading the entire realm, they are not in the form of clouds, therefore these senses cannot perceive them. Confirming this, the scripture writer says - the senses of the gods are much more adept at perceiving their objects than those of humans. Even a god who is deficient in avadhi-jnana related to karma-pudgalas cannot even slightly (jara-sa bhi) know or see the otherness, etc., of the ultimate nirjara-pudgalas of those bhavitatma anagaaras, then what to speak of the chhadmastha human being. / 2 Eleventh Grahaara-dvaar 665. [1] Neraia nam bhanta! Te nijjara-poggale ki jaananti paasanti ahaaranti? Udaahu na jaananti na paasanti na prahaarai? Goayama! Raia gam te nijjara-poggale na jaananti na paasanti, prahaarai. / [995-1 pra.] Bhagavan! Do the narakas know and see those (ultimate) nirjara-pudgalas and consume them as food, or do they not know and see them and do not consume them as food? [995-1 u.] Gautama! The nairyaikas do not know and see those nirjara-pudgalas, but they consume them as food. [2] Evam jaav panchendriyatirikhhajoonia. 1. Prajnaapanaasutra Malaya. Vritti, patraank 303 2. Vahi, Malaya. Vritti, patraank 303