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## Fourteenth Kshaya Pada [139]
**Parapratiṣṭhita Krodhādi** - When a being considers another person or living or non-living being as the cause of their misfortune and experiences anger, etc., or when another person provokes anger, etc., by their actions, the anger, etc., that arises towards them is called Parapratiṣṭhita Krodhādi. (3)
**Ubhayapratiṣṭhita Krodhādi** - Sometimes a being experiences anger, etc., towards themselves and others. For example, when a person experiences anger, etc., towards themselves due to their own or another's wrongdoing, then that anger, etc., is called Ubhayapratiṣṭhita. (4)
**Aapratiṣṭhita Krodhādi** - When anger, etc., arises without any external cause like misconduct, anger, etc., and solely due to the arising of the (painful) Mohaniya, then that anger, etc., is called Aapratiṣṭhita. Such anger, etc., is not Atmapraitiṣṭhita because it does not arise due to one's own misconduct, etc., nor is it Parapratiṣṭhita because there is no opposing conduct, behavior, or offense from another, making 'another' not the cause of that anger, etc. It is also not Ubhayapratiṣṭhita because it does not have both types of causes. Therefore, this anger, etc., is anger, etc., that arises without any external cause, solely due to the arising of the Mohaniya (painful). Such a person later says, "Oh! I was angry without any reason; no one spoke against me, nor did anyone harm me."
**Four Causes of the Origin of Kshayas** 661. [1] "Bante! How many places (causes) does anger arise from?" "Gotama! Anger arises from four places (causes). They are as follows: (1) due to a field (farm or open land), (2) due to a building (house, etc.), (3) due to the body, and (4) due to an object (tools, resources, materials)." [961-1]
[2] "Similarly, from the Nairyikas to the Vaimanikas (the same principle should be applied regarding the origin of anger)." [961-2]
[3] "Similarly, with Mana, Maya, and Lobha (the same four causes should be stated for their origin as stated for anger). Thus, these are the four Dandakas (speakers)." [961-3]
**Discussion** - The four causes of the origin of Kshayas like anger, etc. - This sutra (961-1,2,3) presents the four causes of the origin of Kshayas like anger, etc., which are field, building, body, and object. 1. Prajñāpanasūtra Malaya, Vṛtti, Patrānka 290.