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The thirteenth chapter, the thirteenth **paramānapada** (chapter on the nature of reality), deals with **parināma** (transformation) and its two types - 625. How many types of **parināma** are there, **bhavante** (venerable sir)? [625 Answer] **Gotama** (the name of the Jain sage), there are two types of **parināma**. They are: **jīva-parināma** (transformation of the soul) and **ajīva-parināma** (transformation of non-soul). / [925 Question] **Bhagavan** (the Lord), how many types of **parināma** are there? [625 Answer] **Gotama**, there are two types of **parināma**. They are: **jīva-parināma** and **ajīva-parināma**. / Discussion of **parināma** and its two types - This sūtra (aphorism) presents the two types of **parināma**: **jīva-parināma** and **ajīva-parināma**. The word "**parināma**" here is a technical term. Its etymological meaning is "to transform," meaning that a substance changes from one state to another. / **Parināma** is diverse and complex due to the different **naya** (perspectives). There are many **naya** like **naigama** (general perspective), but the two main **naya** that encompass all others are **dravyaastika naya** (perspective of substance) and **paryayaastika naya** (perspective of modification). / Therefore, according to **dravyaastika naya**, **parināma** (transformation) means that the substance, which exists in all three times (past, present, and future), acquires a different **dharma** (quality) in the form of a later **paryaya** (modification). In this situation, neither the complete cessation (absolute existence) nor the complete destruction (absolute non-existence) of the previous **paryaya** is **parināma**. It is also said that those who know the true nature of **parināma** consider the transition of a substance from one **paryaya** to another (change in meaning) as **parināma**, because a substance neither completely exists nor completely ceases to exist. / However, according to **paryayaastika naya**, **parināma** is defined as the destruction of the previous existing **paryaya** and the emergence of the later non-existing **paryaya**. / Two types of **parināma**: why and how? - Although **parināma** occurs in many ways, it primarily occurs based on the two substances, **jīva** (soul) and **ajīva** (non-soul). Therefore, the scholars have described two main types of **parināma**: **jīva-parināma** and **ajīva-parināma**. / The transformation of the **jīva** is called **jīva-parināma**, and the transformation of the **ajīva** is called **ajīva-parināma**. 1. (a) **Prajñāpana** (explanation), **Malaya** (commentary), **Vṛtti** (commentary), page 284 / (b) "**Parināmanam parināmaḥ** (transformation is **parināma**)." "**Parināmo hyantiragamanam, na ca sarvatha vyavasthānam / na ca sarvatha vināśaḥ parināmastadavidām iṣṭaḥ** (**Parināma** is the transition to another state, not complete existence / nor complete destruction, this is the opinion of those who do not know). // 1 // "**Satparyayeṇa vināśaḥ prādurabhāvo'sadbhāvaparyayatḥ / dravyaṇām parināmaḥ proktaḥ khalu paryayanayasya** (The destruction of the existing **paryaya** and the emergence of the non-existing **paryaya** is called **parināma** of substances, according to the **paryayaastika naya**). // 2 //