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Eleventh Language Chapter [83]
**With respect to the number of years:**
* A language substance can be composed of one, two, or up to five years.
* However, with respect to the totality of substances, i.e., the collection of all substances that are taken in, they are regularly composed of five years. (8)
**With respect to color:**
* A language substance can be one-quality black to infinite-quality black.
* Similarly, one should understand this with respect to blue, red, yellow, and white colors. (9)
**With respect to smell:**
* A language substance can be one-smell or two-smell.
* However, with respect to the totality of substances, it only takes in two-smell substances. (10)
* A language substance can be one-quality fragrant to infinite-quality fragrant.
* Similarly, it can be one-quality foul-smelling to infinite-quality foul-smelling. (11)
**With respect to taste:**
* A language substance can be one-taste.
* However, with respect to the totality of substances, it regularly takes in five-taste substances. (12)
* A language substance can be one-quality bitter to infinite-quality bitter.
* Similarly, one should understand this with respect to pungent, astringent, sour, and sweet tastes. (13)
**With respect to touch:**
* The language substances that a living being takes in to transform into language are not one-touch, because there are always two touches in one atom.
* Therefore, these substances are two-touch, three-touch, or four-touch.
* However, they are not five-touch to eight-touch.
* With respect to the totality of substances, it regularly takes in four-touch language substances, which are cold, hot, oily, and rough. (14)
* The language substances that a living being takes in to transform into language can be one-quality cold to infinite-quality cold.
* Similarly, one should understand this with respect to hot, oily, and rough language substances. (15)
**With respect to the location of the substance:**
* The substances that a living being takes in to transform into language, from one-quality black to infinite-quality rough, are in contact with its own space, not separate from it.
* It takes in substances that are within its space (i.e., substances that are located in the same space as the living being), not those that are outside of it.
* Specifically, it takes in substances that are directly within its space (i.e., substances that are located in the same space as the living being without any obstruction), not those that are indirectly within its space (i.e., substances that are located in the same space as the living being but are obstructed).
* The substances that are directly within its space can be both small (i.e., substances that occupy a small space) and large (i.e., substances that occupy a large space).
* The living being takes in the language substances that are within its space in all directions: upward, downward, and sideways.
* It takes them in at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end.
These language substances are:
1. The cause itself is the end, subtle, eternal, and atomic.
2. It is one-taste, one-smell, one-color, two-touch, and a sign of its function.