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[Eleventh Language Chapter] [859-Uttaratmaka Gathaarth] Language originates from the body / Language is spoken at two times / Language is of four types, of which two languages (for speaking by God) are permitted / / 193 / / Discussion-The comprehensive nature of language from various perspectives-The two sutras presented here describe the origin, place of origin, form, end, time of speaking, type, permissible type, etc. of language. The fundamental cause of language-What is the (original) root cause of language in addition to the material cause of language? This is the first question. The answer is that the living being is the root cause of language because without the various efforts of the living being, such as pronunciation, etc., the origin of language is not possible. Acharya Bhadrabahu Swami has said- There are (atma) regions associated with the living being in the Audarik, Vaikriya and Aharak bodies, from which the living being receives language substances. Thereafter, the receiver (that speaking living being) speaks that language, i.e., abandons the received language substances. The origin of language-Where does language originate from? In answer to this question, it is said that language is body-born, i.e., language originates from the Audarik, Vaikriya and Aharak bodies, because the language substance is emitted from the power of one of these three bodies / The institution-form of language-Language is said to be Vajrasan sthita, which means that the shape of language is like a thunderbolt; because the language substances emitted by the specific effort of the living being are spread throughout the world and the world is of the form of a thunderbolt / Therefore, language is also called Vajra-shaped. Where does language end? Language ends at the end of the world (lokanta). That is, where the world ends, there language ends; because beyond the lokanta, the absence of the Dharma-astikaya, which helps in movement, makes the movement of language substances impossible; this is what I and the rest of the Tirthankaras have established. From what yoga does language originate? -Here in the first gatha, the question is asked, from what yoga does language originate? From Kaya yoga, Vachan yoga or Man yoga? In answer, as before, 'Sarira-pphava' (body-born) is said, but the commentator interprets it as Kaya yoga-pphava; because first, by Kaya yoga, it receives the pudgals suitable for language, transforms them into the form of language, and then by Vachan yoga, it emits them-pronounces them / Therefore, it is appropriate to call language 'Kaya yoga-pphava' / Acharya Bhadrabahu Swami says- The living being receives (language-worthy pudgals) by Kayik yoga and emits (them) by Vaachik yoga / 2 1. 'Tivihammi Sarirammi, Jovapaesa Havanti Jivassa / Jehi U Genhai Gahanam, To Maasahi Bhasao Bhasam //' -Prajnapanam. Vritti, p. 256 quoted 2. 'Ginhhai Ya Kaiyenam, Nisarai Tah Vaiyenam Jogenam /' Prajnapanam. V. Patrank 257 quoted