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## Explanation of 'Prosannakarana' and 'Santtibhava' in the Prajnapana Sutra:
**'Prosanna'** (here, 'Utsana') means 'abundance, i.e., mostly, the majority'. **'Karana'** means external cause. Similarly, **'Santtibhava'** (Santatibhava) means continuous, flowing, internal experience-like feeling.
**In the case of Nairyikas (hell-beings):**
The reason for the abundance of fear-consciousness in Nairyikas is the intense fear they experience from weapons like spears, swords, and arrows, created by the Asuras (demigods) who rule over hell. This fear is constantly present.
Therefore, it is stated here that Nairyikas are mostly (abundantly) characterized by fear-consciousness due to external causes. However, considering the continuous internal experience-like cause, all four types of consciousness (food, possession, sex, and fear) are found in Nairyikas.
**Regarding the abundance of the four types of consciousness in Nairyikas:**
- **Least abundant:** The least number of Nairyikas are characterized by sex-consciousness. This is because their bodies are constantly burning in the fire of suffering, day and night. They do not experience even a moment of happiness. Those who are constantly being cooked in the fire of suffering throughout the day and night do not have any desire for sex! Even if some do experience sex-consciousness, it lasts for a very short time. Therefore, the least number of Nairyikas are characterized by sex-consciousness.
- **More abundant than sex-consciousness:** The number of Nairyikas characterized by food-consciousness is significantly higher than those characterized by sex-consciousness. This is because these suffering Nairyikas experience food-consciousness for a longer period of time.
- **More abundant than food-consciousness:** The number of Nairyikas characterized by possession-consciousness is significantly higher than those characterized by food-consciousness. This is because Nairyikas experience food-consciousness only for the sustenance of their bodies, while possession-consciousness extends beyond the body, encompassing weapons and other things for survival. This consciousness is more enduring.
- **Most abundant:** The number of Nairyikas characterized by fear-consciousness is significantly higher than those characterized by possession-consciousness. This is because Nairyikas in hell experience a constant fear until their death. Therefore, Nairyikas characterized by fear-consciousness are more numerous than those characterized by the other three types of consciousness. Even at the time of questioning (Pricchha), Nairyikas are found to be overwhelmingly characterized by fear-consciousness.
**Regarding the consciousness of Tiryanchas (animals):**
**732. Tiryancha-yoniya nam bhanta! Ki praharasanno-vutta java pariggahasanno-vutta? Goyama! Prosanna karana paducc praharasanno-vutta, santtibhava paducc praharasanno-vutta vi java pariggahasanno-vutta vi.**
**[732 Pr.]** O Bhagavan! Are Tiryancha-yoni (animal-born) beings characterized by food-consciousness or possession-consciousness?
**[732 U.]** Gautama! They are characterized by food-consciousness due to the abundance of external causes. However, considering the continuous internal experience-like feeling, they are characterized by food-consciousness, fear-consciousness, and even possession-consciousness.
**1. Prajnapana Sutra Malay. Vritti, Patranka 223**