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"The use that takes in a particular aspect of an object is called *savikalpa* and the use that takes in the general aspect is called *nirvikalpa*. 88 Knowledge and philosophy are considered very ancient in folk literature. The karma that gives rise to knowledge is called *jnanabaran* and the karma that covers philosophy is called *darshanabaran*. The manifestation of the qualities of knowledge and philosophy occurs due to the destruction or cessation of these karmas. In the *pragam* literature, the words 'jaanai' and 'paasai' have been used for knowledge and philosophy respectively. The Digambara Acharyas have held that outward use is knowledge and inward use is philosophy. / Acharya Viresen writes in the *Dhavlaatika* of the *Shatkhandagam* that the perception of the external object, which is general and particular, is knowledge, and the perception of the self, which is identical, is philosophy. / The difference between philosophy and knowledge is that philosophy is the use of the self, which is general and particular - it is the vision of the self, while knowledge takes in the object other than the self. Those who hold the view that the perception of the general is philosophy and the perception of the particular is knowledge, are ignorant of the subject of philosophy and knowledge according to the present view. / General and particular are both qualities of matter. One cannot exist without the other. Knowledge that takes in only the general and only the particular is not valid. / Similarly, philosophy that takes in the general without the particular is false. 90 While expounding the present view, Brahmadeva wrote in the *Dravyasangrahavati* - Knowledge and philosophy should be considered from two perspectives - the perspective of logic and the perspective of principles. / To consider philosophy as general is appropriate from the perspective of logic, but from the perspective of principles, it is not the self, and the perception of the external object is knowledge. 16 From a practical perspective, there is a difference between knowledge and philosophy, but from a definitive perspective, there is no difference of any kind between knowledge and philosophy. 02 The distinction between knowledge and philosophy based on the general and the particular has also been refuted in other ways. This use of the general and the particular has been used to explain it to other philosophers, but for those who are knowledgeable in Jain philosophy, the *pragamic* explanation is acceptable. According to the scholastic tradition, the distinction between the self and the other is truly the essence. 03 The number of Acharyas who hold this view is not large, most philosophical Acharyas have accepted the distinction between the concrete and the abstract. To consider philosophy as general only means that the general quality is reflected in that use, and the particular quality is reflected in the use of knowledge. Both qualities are present in the object, but use is able to take in one quality primarily. There is a distinction between the general and the particular in use, but not in the object. 188. *Tattvarthasutra Bhashya* 119 189. *Shatkhandagam, Dhavla Teeka* 11114 190. *Shatkhandagam, Dhavla Vriti* 1:114 191. *Dravyasangrahavriti* verse 44 192. *Dravyasangrahavati* verse 44 193. *Dravyasangrahavriti* verse 44 [59]"