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The Tattvartha Sutra instructs on twenty-five actions. In the Bhagavati, too, descriptions of actions are found in many places. All of them can be easily compared with the action-verb presented in the Prajnapanā, but due to the fear of expansion, we are not giving the comparison here. / Karma Siddhanta: From the twenty-third to the twenty-seventh verses, the nature of karma, karma-bandha, karma-bandha-veda, karma-veda-bandha, karma-veda-vedaka, these five verses discuss karma-related considerations. Karma Siddhanta is the essence of the thinking of Indian thinkers. In fact, the grand edifice of Astika Darshanas is based on Karma Siddhanta. Even though there may not be unanimity regarding the determination of the nature of karma, all thinkers have considered karma-mukti to be essential for spiritual progress. This is why all philosophers have thought about karma. But the karma-related thinking of Janadarshan is very subtle. In this vast universe, the disparities that are visible in various types of beings are rooted in karma. Jain Darshan did not consider karma to be merely a sanskar, but it is a substance-like entity that gets attached to the jiva due to the action of raga-dvesha. These substances are made up of infinite and infinite atoms, which are subtle and capable of being used for karma, located in the field of the jiva-pradesh. The atma attracts karma from all its pradeshas - sarvangas. These karma-skandhas transform into various natures or forms, such as jnana-avaraneya, darshan-avaraneya, etc. Infinite and infinite karma-pudgala-skandhas remain attached to each atma-pradesh. / Raga-dvesha-maya atma-parinat-bhavakarma is the karma that causes the transformation of the atma, and the pudgala that is attracted and attached to it is dravyakarma. / Karmanavargna, which is a type of pudgala-dravya, is prevalent throughout the universe. It is this karmanavargna that, upon receiving the cause of the jiva's emotions, transforms into karma. Here, the question may arise that if the atma is formless and karma-dravya is form, then how is the binding of the formless with the form possible? The solution is as follows: Jain Darshan considers the jiva and karma to be anadi from the perspective of flow. It is not its intention that the jiva was previously completely pure, and after that, it became bound by karma. The jiva that is situated in the world, caught in the cycle of birth and death, experiences raga-dvesha-rupa parinamas every moment. As a result of these parinamas, karma continuously binds. Due to the binding of these karmas, it has to take birth in various gatis. Upon taking birth, there is a body, there are senses in the body, and through the senses, the atma perceives objects. By perceiving objects, emotions of raga-dvesha arise. / In this way, emotions give rise to karma, and karma gives rise to emotions. This makes it clear that the jiva who is bound by material karma, i.e., even though it is formless in nature, it has become material due to being bound by karma, is the one who binds new karma. / In this way, the material comes into contact with the material, and the material also binds with the material. / Due to the old karma present in the atma, new karma binds. The process of karma-bandha with the atma is of four types: prakriti-bandha, sthiti-bandha, anubhaga-bandha, and pradesh-bandha. / When the atma receives karma-pudgalas, at that time, those pudgalas are uniform. But during the time of binding, they become of different natures - swabhava. This is called prakriti-bandha. In bound karma, the time limit is 181. Avartakashayendriya-kriya: Panch-chatur-panch-panch-vimshati-sankhya: Purvasya bhedah. Tattvartha Sutra 616 192. Bhagavati Shatak 1, Uddeshak 2; Shatak 8, Uddeshak 4; Shatak 3, Uddeshak 3 [ 56 ]