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Each has been divided. Here, the meaning of "desh" is the two, three, etc., regional divisions conceived by the intellect, such as dharmaastikaya, etc., and the meaning of "pradesh" is the excellent "desh" conceived by the intellect, such as dharmaastikaya, etc., which cannot be further divided, the indivisible division "pradesh". The aggregate of all the "pradeshes" of dharmaastikaya, etc., is "skandha". "Shraddha" refers to time, and "addhaaroop" time is "addhasamay". The present time has only one time, "sat". The past and the future are either destroyed or not yet born. Therefore, there is no conception of a combination of "desh" and "pradesh" in time. The conception of "asankhyaat samaya" etc., as a group-like "praabalikaa" is practical. "Pudgal" is taken under the "roopee ajeev". Its "skandha", "skandhadesh", "skandhapradesh", and "paramaanu" pudgal are the four types. "Pudgal" is endowed with color, smell, taste, touch, and substance. Twenty varieties of five colors, forty-six varieties of two smells, one hundred varieties of five tastes, one hundred and eighty-four varieties of eight touches, one hundred varieties of five substances, in this way, there are five hundred and thirty varieties of "roopee ajeev" and thirty varieties of "aroop ajeev". From the point of view of etymology, the word "prastikaya" is formed by the combination of the two words "asti" and "kaya". The meaning of "asti" is "existence" or "being", and the meaning of "kaya" here is not in the form of a body-like "astivaan". Because, in "panchaastikaya", except for "pudgal", the rest are abstract, therefore, here "kaya" has a metaphorical meaning - those substances that are composed of parts are "prastikaya", and that which is a non-composite substance is "anastkaya". In other words, that which has different parts or sections is "astikaya". Here, there may be a natural curiosity as to how far it is logical to conceive of parts or components in "prakhunda" substances? Because, dharma, adharma, and aakash, all three are one, indivisible, and undivided. So, what is the meaning of their being composed of parts? If we accept the meaning of "kayatva" as "saabayatva", then one problem arises, that "paramaanu" is indivisible, without parts, and without components, so is it not "astikaya"? "Paramanu" is a division of "pudgal" itself, and yet it is considered "astikaya". Jain thinkers have pondered over all these questions. They have also solved all those questions. It is true that dharma, adharma, and aakash are indivisible and undivided substances, but from the point of view of the field, they are all-pervading. Therefore, from the point of view of the field, the concept of "saavayatva" or the conception of division has been made at the intellectual level. "Paramanu" itself is without parts, indivisible, and without components, but "paramanu" itself is not in the form of "kaya", but when it takes the form of "paramanu skandha", it takes on "kayatva" and "saavayatva". Therefore, "kayatva" is considered to be present in "paramanu" as well. "Astikaya" and "anastkaya" are also considered to be based on the classification of "bahupradeshtva". Those substances that are "bahupradeshtva" are "astikaya", and those that are "ekapradeshtva" are "anastkaya". Here too, there may be a natural curiosity as to whether dharma, adharma, and aakash, all three substances are "ekapradeshi" from the point of view of "svadravy", because they are undivided. Siddhantachkravarti Nemichandra, while solving this curiosity, has clearly written that "bahupradeshtva" in dharma, adharma, and aakash is not from the point of view of "dravy", but from the point of view of the field. From the point of view of the field, dharma and adharma have been called "asankhyapradeshi", and aakash has been called "anantapradeshi". Therefore, the concept of "kayatva" has been applied to them. "Pudgal" is "bahupradeshi" not from the point of view of "paramaanu", but from the point of view of "skandha", and "astikaya" is also from the point of view of "bahupradeshtva". "Paramanu" itself is a part of "pudgal". Here, the meaning of "kayatva" is to be extensive. The present concept of extension is based on the concept of the field. That substance which is 67. "Yaavanmaanam prakaashan avibhaagi pudgalavrushtabdham / Tam khalu pradesham jaanihi sarvaanu sthana daan aarham / / Dravyasangrah sanskrit chhaya 27. [24]