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[488] The *Prajñāpanā Sūtra* (sūtras 1574 to 1580) describes the actions and their respective subjects that arise from the *adhyavasaya* (determination) of *prāṇātipāta* (violence) to *mithyādarśanaśalya* (false belief). The *prāṇātipāta* action: cause and subject - sūtra 1574 The meaning of the previous question is: the *prāṇātipāta* action is performed, i.e., happens, from the *adhyavasaya* of *prāṇātipāta*, i.e., violence. Its implication is that the *prāṇātipāta* action takes place at the time of the culmination (result of *adhyavasaya*) of *prāṇātipāta* (violence). This statement is made from the perspective of the *ṛjusūtranaya*. Every action happens according to the *adhyavasaya*. Because the acquisition and non-acquisition of *puṇya* (merit) and *pāpakarma* (demerit) depends on the *adhyavasaya*. Therefore, the Lord has also answered all these questions from the perspective of the *ṛjusūtranaya* that the *prāṇātipāta* action happens from the *adhyavasaya* of *prāṇātipāta*. There is a similar *āgama* statement: "**parināmiyam paṃāṇaṃ nicchayam avalambaṃāṇāṃ**". Based on this statement, it is also said in the *Āvaśyaka Sūtra*: "**āyā ceva ahiṃsā, prāya hiṃsatti nicchayo es'**" (The soul is non-violence, the soul is violence, this is the statement of the *naya*). The conclusion is that the *prāṇātipāta* action happens from the *adhyavasaya* of *prāṇātipāta*. Similarly, it should be understood that the actions of *mṛṣāvāda* etc. happen from the *adhyavasaya* of the remaining 17 *pāpastānaka* (negative karmas). The second question within the present sūtra is: in what subject does the *prāṇātipāta* action happen? In other words, what is the subject of the *adhyavasaya* that is the cause of the *prāṇātipāta* action? In response, the subject of the *adhyavasaya* that is the cause of the *prāṇātipāta* action is said to be the *ṣaṭjīvanikāya* (six categories of living beings). Because the *adhyavasaya* to kill is related to living beings, not non-living beings. The *adhyavasaya* to kill that arises from the understanding of a rope etc. as a snake is also related to living beings because it is motivated by the understanding "this is a snake". Therefore, it is said that the *prāṇātipāta* action happens in the *ṣaṭjīvanikāya*. Similarly, it should be understood from the original text that the actions of *mṛṣāvāda* etc. that happen from the *adhyavasaya* of the remaining 17 *pāpastānaka* happen with respect to different subjects. *Mṛṣāvāda*: nature and subject - Speaking untruth and representing the non-existent as existent is *mṛṣāvāda*. The *adhyavasaya* of *mṛṣāvāda* can be related to all objects in the world and beyond. Therefore, it is said: "**sabvadanvesu sarvadravyāṃ ke viṣaye mṛṣāvāda kriyā kā kāraṇabhūt adhyavasaya hotā hai.**" From the indication of the acceptance of the object, it should also be understood with respect to "all synonyms". The subject of the action of *adattādāna* etc. can only be the object that can be accepted or possessed. Therefore, the *adattādāna* action is not related to other objects. Therefore, it is said: "**gahaṇadhāraṇijjesu davvesu.**" The *adhyavasaya* of *maithuna* (sexual intercourse) is also related to the forms of pictures, wood, walls, statues, puppets etc. or to women etc. associated with those forms. The meaning of *parigraha* (attachment) is the desire for ownership or possession. It can be related to all objects due to greed that resides within beings. Therefore, it is said: "**savvadamvesu.**" The meaning and subject of *abhyākhyāna* etc. - *abhyākhyāna* - accusing someone with false faults; 1. *Prajñāpanā*, *mala-pravṛtti*, page 437-438 2. Ibid., *malayavṛtti*, page 438 3. Ibid., *malayavatti*, page 438