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## Translation:
**[483] Gotama! How many types of *Paritaapanika* actions are there?**
**[Answer] Gotama! There are three types.**
**Just as, by which action, pain is caused to oneself, to others, or to both oneself and others, that is *Paritaapanika* action.**
**[1571]**
**[1572] Bhagavan! How many types of *Praanaatipaata* actions are there?**
**[Answer] Gotama! There are three types.**
**Just as, by which action, oneself, others, or both oneself and others are deprived of life, that is *Praanaatipaata* action.**
**[1572]**
**Discussion:**
The distinction between actions, based on the concept of violence and non-violence, is presented in these six sutras (from 1567 to 1572). The five basic types of actions and their sub-types are explained in these sutras.
**Specific meaning of actions:**
**Action** has two meanings:
1. To do.
2. Effort that is the cause of karma-bondage.
**Types of actions:**
* **Kaayika:** Actions performed by the body.
* **Adhikaaranika:** Actions performed by means of instruments of violence, such as swords, wheels, etc., which lead to the soul being bound to hell and other unfortunate realms.
* **Praadveshika:** Actions performed out of hatred, envy, and other negative emotions, which are the cause of karma-bondage.
* **Paritaapanika:** Actions that cause pain or suffering.
* **Praanaatipaatika:** Actions that cause the destruction of any of the ten vital energies (including the senses).
**Anupara-kaayika:** Actions that are not completely refrained from, either in terms of place or time. This action applies to those who are not completely restrained.
**Dus-pra-yukta-kaayika:** Actions that involve the misuse of the body and other faculties. This action applies to those who are careless and not fully controlled, as they are prone to misuse their body.
**Sanyojana-adhikaaranika:** Actions that involve the use of instruments of violence, such as weapons, poison, etc., which have been prepared beforehand. This action applies to those who use such instruments.
**Nivartana-adhikaaranika:** Actions that involve the creation of instruments of violence, such as swords, spears, etc., from their raw materials. This action applies to those who create such instruments.