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[52] The human realm extends as far as lunar eclipses, solar eclipses, lunar halos, solar halos, counter-moons, counter-suns, rainbows, aquatic fish, and monkey laughter, etc. The human realm extends as far as the arrival, departure, waxing and waning of the moon, and the continuous movement of the moon, sun, planets, stars, and constellations, which is called the state of being in motion.
**Explanation:** This sutra states that the human realm encompasses everything from the Bharatadi year (region), the Varshdhar mountain, houses, shops, buildings, villages, cities, capitals, praiseworthy men like Arihantas, etc., virtuous and humble humans like Prakritibhradrikas, time, etc., to electricity, thunder, cloud formation, lightning, mines, rivers, treasures, wells, ponds, and the movement of the moon, sun, etc., in the sky. The implication is that all of these things exist only within the human realm. They do not exist outside of it. The Manushottara mountain is called so because it marks the boundary of the human realm. Beyond the Manushottara mountain, there is no existence of these substances and activities.
**Explanation of the Time Cycle:** The sutra mentions the time cycle, so an explanation is necessary. The smallest unit of time, which cannot be further divided, is called "samaya." To understand its subtlety, the scholars have given a gross example.
For example, a young, strong, healthy, and skilled tailor's son, upon taking a worn-out shawl in his hand, tears it apart immediately without even extending his hand. To the onlookers, it seems like he tore the shawl in an instant. However, from a true perspective, countless "samayas" were involved in tearing the shawl. The shawl is made of countless threads. The lower thread cannot be torn without the upper thread being torn first. It must be understood that each thread has its own time of tearing. Even that thread is made of many fibers. These fibers also tear in sequence. Therefore, the time taken for the upper fiber of the upper thread to tear is much subtler than the time taken for the upper thread to tear.
There are countless "samayas" in a "pravalika." There are countless "pravalikas" in an "uccvasa," and countless "pravalikas" in a "nishvasa." One "uccvasa" and one "nishvasa" together make one "an-pran."
**Meaning:** The time taken for one breath of a healthy and happy person, who is free from labor, hunger, etc., is called "an-pran." Seven "pran-pranas" make one "stoka," and seven "stokas" make one "lava."
1. **Hattass Pranavagallas Niruvakittass Jantuno / Ege Usasani-sase Es Panutti Vuccai // 1 //**
2. **Satt Panuni Se Thove Satt Thovani Se Lave / Lavanam Sattahत्तरिए Es' Muhatte Viyahie. // 2 //**
3. **Ega Kodi Sattathi Lakkha Sattattari Sahassa Ya / Do Ya Saya Solahhia Pravaliyaan Muhattammi // 3 //**
4. **Tinni Sahassa Sataya Sain Tevatari Cha Usasa. Es Muhatto Bhanio Savvehim Pranatanaanihi // 4 //**