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## First Understanding: The Exposition of Humans [101]
There are three types of vision found in humans. There are four types of philosophies. They are both knowledgeable and ignorant.
Those who are knowledgeable are either two-knowledgeable, three-knowledgeable, four-knowledgeable, or one-knowledgeable. Those who are two-knowledgeable are, by rule, *matijnani* and *shrutajnani*. Those who are three-knowledgeable are *matijnani*, *shrutajnani*, and *avadhijnani* or *matijnani*, *shrutajnani*, and *manahparyavajnani*.
Those who are four-knowledgeable are, by rule, *matijnani*, *shrutajnani*, *avadhijnani*, and *manahparyavajnani*. Those who are one-knowledgeable are, by rule, *kevalajnani*.
Similarly, those who are ignorant are either two-ignorant or three-ignorant. They are also *manayogi*, *vachanayogi*, *kayayogi*, and *ayogi*. They utilize both tangible and intangible forms. They consume food from all six directions (in the form of *pudgala* absorption). They are born from all hells except the seventh hell, from all *tiryanch* except those with an immeasurable lifespan, from all humans except those born in *akarmabhumij*, *antarvipaj*, and those with an immeasurable lifespan, and they are also born from all gods. Their lowest state is *antarmuhurt* and their highest is three *palya* in duration. They die from both *samavahat* and *asamavahat* death. They are reborn in *nairyika* or in the *anuttaroppapatik* gods, or they attain liberation, ending all suffering.
O Lord! How many *gati* and *pragati* do these beings have?
O Gautama! They have five *gati* and four *pragati*. They are both individual and numerous.
O Venerable Ascetic! This is the statement about humans.
**Discussion:** When asked about humans, the Sutrakar says that there are two types of humans: *sammuchim* humans and *garbhaja* humans.
Regarding *sammuchim* humans, the question is asked: Where are they born? Where do they originate? In response to this question, the *Prajnapanasutra* is referenced. That is, the answer should be known according to the *Prajnapanasutra*. The *Prajnapanasutra* mentions this topic as follows: "In a human realm that is forty-five lakh yojanas long and wide, containing two and a half islands and seas, fifteen *karmabhumis*, thirty *akarmabhumis*, and fifty-six *antarvipas*, *sammuchim* humans are born in the following: 1) *Uccara* (excrement), 2) *Prasravan* (urine), 3) *Kaph* (phlegm), 4) *Singhan-nasika* (nasal mucus), 5) *Vaman* (vomit), 6) *Pitt* (bile), 7) *Mavad* (pus), 8) *Khoon* (blood), 9) *Veerya* (semen), 10) *Sukhe hue veerya ke pudgalon ka punah gila hona* (re-moistening of dry semen particles), 11) *Mrit jeev ke kalevaron mein* (in the corpses of dead beings), 12) *Stri-purush ke sangyog mein* (in the union of men and women), 13) *Gavanagar ki gateron mein* (in the sewers of villages and cities), and 14) *Sab prakar ke ashuci sthanon mein* (in all kinds of unclean places). Their lifespan is as small as an immeasurable fraction of an angul. They are *asangni*, *mithyadristi*, and lack all *paryaptis*. They die after living only for *antarmuhurt*.