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It is purified by **pratikraman**. Therefore it is called **shuddhi**.
Acharya Bhadrabahu has encouraged the seeker to deeply contemplate on four main topics in **pratikraman**. From this perspective, there are four types of **pratikraman**:
1. For **Shraman** and **Shravak**, there are provisions for **mahavrata** and **anuvrata** respectively. To avoid any faults, constant vigilance is necessary. Although **Shraman** and **Shravak** remain constantly vigilant, sometimes due to carelessness, there may be lapses in non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy, and non-possession. In such cases, **Shraman** and **Shravak** should perform **pratikraman** for their purification.
2. A code of conduct for **Shraman** and **Shravak** is laid down in the **Agam** literature. For **Shraman**, there are many provisions like **swadhyay**, **dhyan**, **pratilikhan**, etc., while for **Shravak**, there is also a provision for daily practice. If there is a lapse in following these provisions, then **pratikraman** should be performed in that regard. Even a slight carelessness towards one's duties is not right.
3. It is very difficult to prove abstract substances like the soul through direct evidence. They can only be proved through evidence like **Agam**. If doubt arises in the mind regarding these abstract elements, whether they exist or not, then the seeker should perform **pratikraman** for its purification.
4. The sages have forbidden harmful actions like violence, etc. The seeker should not perform these harmful actions. If, due to carelessness, they are performed, then purification should be done.
In the **Anuyogadwar Sutra**, two types of **pratikraman** are mentioned: **dravya pratikraman** and **bhav pratikraman**. In **dravya pratikraman**, the seeker performs **pratikraman** while sitting in one place, without any use, with the desire for fame. This **pratikraman** works like a machine, lacking contemplation. There is no remorse in the mind for sins. He continues to commit those lapses again and again. From a real perspective, the purification that should happen does not happen through that **pratikraman**. **Bhav pratikraman** is that in which the seeker experiences intense remorse in his inner mind for his sins. He thinks, why did I commit these lapses? With firm determination, he criticizes those sins usefully. He makes a firm resolve that these faults will not occur again in the future. Thus, **bhav pratikraman** is the real **pratikraman**. In **bhav pratikraman**, the seeker neither indulges in false beliefs and other evil thoughts himself, nor encourages others to do so, nor approves of indulging in evil thoughts.
Generally, it is understood that **pratikraman** is for the purification of faults committed in the past. But Acharya Bhadrabahu has explained that **pratikraman** does not only purify faults committed in the past, but also purifies those committed in the present and future.
1. **Padisiddhanam karane, kicchanam akaranepaddikamanam. Asaddahaneyatha, viviriyaparuvanaye a.**
- **Aavashyakaniyukti Gatha 1268**
2. **Micchattai na gacchai na ya gacchavei na anujane. Jam man-vay-kaehin tam bhaniyam bhavpaddikamanam.**
- **Aavashyakaniyukti (Ha.Bha.Vr.)**
3. **(a) Aavashyakaniyukti (b) Pratikraman shabdo hi atra ashubhayoganivrittimatrartha samanyatah parihrigrite, tatha cha satyateetavishayam pratikramanam nindadwarena ashubhayoganivrittireveti, pratyupannavishayapi sanvardwarena ashubhayoganivrittireva anagatavishayam api pratyakhyanadwarena ashubhayoganivrittireveti na dosha iti.**
- **Acharya Haribhadra**
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