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## Fourth Study: Pratikramana
**[85 Kevaliya** - The word 'Kevaliya' in the original text can be translated into two Sanskrit forms - 'Kevala' and 'Kaivalika'. 'Kevala' means unique. The principles of Samyagdarshana, etc., are unique and supreme.
'Kaivalika' means - formulated or propounded by the Kevalis.
**Padipunnam** - Samyagdarshana, Samyagjnana and Samyakcharitra are the essence of Jainism. It is complete in itself.
**Neyauyam** - The Sanskrit form of 'Neyauyam' is 'Naiyayika'. Acharya Haribhadra defines 'Naiyayika' as - one who is 'nayansheel', a carrier, is 'Naiyayika'. Samyagdarshana, etc., lead to liberation, therefore they are called 'Naiyayika'. 'Nayansheelan Naiyayikam Mokshagamakametyartha'.
Shri Bhava Vijayji defines 'Nyaya' as 'Moksha'. Because definite income-profit is 'Nyaya' and such 'Nyaya' is only 'Moksha' and for the seeker there is no other benefit greater than 'Moksha' - "Nishchit Ayo Laabho Nyayo Muktiryartha, Sa Prayojanamasyeti Naiyayika".
- Uttaraadhyayana Vritti, Adhy. 4, Ga. 5. One meaning of this can also be - 'युक्त-तर्क से युक्त-अबाधित' (equipped with logic and reasoning, unobstructed).
**Sallkattan** - In the language of the Agamas, 'Shalya' means - 'Maya, Nidana and Mithyatva'. External 'Shalya' cause pain only for a short time, but these internal 'Shalya' are very terrible. Since time immemorial, countless souls have been suffering due to these 'Shalya'. Even reaching heaven does not provide liberation from them. Acharya Umaswati has written in the Tattvarth Sutra - 'Nishalya Vrati'. For a 'Vrati', it is paramount to be 'Nishalya', i.e., free from 'Shalya'.
**Nijanamgam** - Acharya Haribhadra has defined 'Niryana' as the state of 'Moksha'. The place where one goes is called 'Yana'. Unique knowledge is called 'Niryana'. 'Moksha' is the only state that is the best 'Yana-Sthan'. Therefore, it is also called 'Niryana' in Jain Agamic literature.
**Avisandhi** - 'Avisandhi' means without 'Sandhi'. 'Sandhi' refers to the gap in between. The meaning is that Jainism has been continuously uninterrupted since time immemorial. It may not be present in a particular time in the Bharatadi Kshetra, but it always remains uninterrupted in the Mahavideha Kshetra. The boundaries of time cannot hinder the progress of Jainism. Jainism is 'Nijadharma', i.e., the religion of the soul. Therefore, it will always be found somewhere in the three times and three realms.
**Savva-Du:khpaheenamgam** - The final attribute of Dharma is 'Sarvadukhapraheenamarg'. Every being in the world is tormented by suffering, afflicted by pain. He desires happiness for himself, desires joy, but the world...