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## Fourth Study: Pratikraman
[77]
30. Abandoning the company of the wicked. 31. Performing atonement for committed faults. 32. Cultivating knowledge and other virtues until death.
**Discussion:** I renounce any transgression that may have been committed due to the lack of proper observance of these thirty-two Yogasangrahas.
The activities of the mind, speech, and body are called Yoga. There are two types of Yoga: auspicious Yoga and inauspicious Yoga. Restraint consists of engaging in auspicious Yoga and abstaining from inauspicious Yoga. In this sutra, the auspicious Yoga, which is the form of virtuous conduct, is the subject of discussion. Only this can preserve the purity of a restrained life. "Yoga is the activity of mind, speech, and body, and here only the auspicious ones are intended."
- Acharya Abhaydeva, Samvayanga Tika, Thirty-three Ashatanas
Jain Acharyas have beautifully explained the etymology of the word Ashatana. The attainment of spiritual qualities like right faith, etc., is called 'Aaya', and the meaning of Shatana is 'destruction'. Insulting Gods, Gurus, scriptures, etc., leads to the destruction of good qualities like right faith, etc. "Aaya - is the characteristic of attaining right faith, etc., and its Shatana - destruction is explained as Ashatana."
- Acharya Abhaydeva, Samvayanga Tika, "Ashatana is the destruction of Aaya, which is right faith, etc. By dropping the 'Ya' sound, it becomes Ashatana."
- Acharya Jinadas, Aavashyakachurni, The thirty-three Ashatanas related to the Guru have been mentioned earlier. Here, the thirty-three Ashatanas of Arhanta, etc., are described in the original text. Their meaning is as follows:
**Ashatana of Arhanta:** The first Ashatana mentioned in the sutra is that of Arhanta. It is the Arhanta Bhagwan who, for countless eons, has shown the light of truth to beings wandering in darkness. They are the ones who preach Dharma and explain the path of righteousness. Therefore, one should not commit Ashatana towards the supremely benevolent Arhanta.
_If someone says that there are no Arhanta in Bharatavarsha, then how can there be Ashatana towards them? The answer is that 'Arhanta do not have any existence. They have preached a strict Dharma. They are free from attachments..._