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Giving and taking from one's own saint, the five types of श्रमणs: अवसन्न, कुशील, संसक्त, नित्यक. Taking food, etc., with hands contaminated by सचित्त substances like अपकाय, पृथ्वीकाय, etc. Performing bodily functions. Not transcribing the three उच्चार-प्रश्रवण भूमि at dusk. Disposing of excrement in a narrow place. Not purifying oneself after excreting. Contemplating on the प्रायश्चित्त for going for alms with someone who is undergoing प्रायश्चित्त, etc. These are the subjects on which प्रायश्चित्त has been contemplated and these actions are prohibited. For this, the monthly उद्घातिक परिहारस्थान, i.e., लघमासिका (मास-लघु) प्रायश्चित्त is prescribed. श्रमणs and श्रमणīs should be engrossed in their practice. If they forget their practice and try to subdue kings, etc., obstacles will arise in their practice. Kings, etc., are easily angered even when they are pleased. Therefore, they may also give उपसर्ग when they are displeased. Therefore, in this आगम, they are prohibited from pleasing and attracting them. The practitioner should practice in their own state of mind.
This उद्देशक indicates that the practitioner should act with discernment. The essence of श्रामण्य life is क्षमा. In anger, the ability to think and reason often becomes weak. Anger is a mental outburst. From that outburst, enmity is born, and from that, the intention to take revenge arises. कषाय is at the root of conflict. Therefore, engaging in conflict and rekindling old conflicts is prohibited. A matchstick burns itself before burning others. Whether it burns another or not, it burns itself. Similarly, the one who engages in conflict binds himself with karma. Conflict is a sin, therefore, the practitioner should avoid it.
श्रमणs are also prohibited from engaging in अट्टहास. The precious time of a श्रमण is to be spent in स्वाध्याय and meditation. Laughter, jokes, and अट्टहास often lead to conflict. The result of Draupadi's laughter was the Mahabharata war. Thus, the fourth उद्देशक states that श्रमणs should not engage in activities that obscure the path of practice. Excrement should not be disposed of in a place where there is a possibility of harming living beings. Also, there should be no possibility of public censure.
The fifth उद्देशक
The fifth उद्देशक has 52 सूत्रs. In some copies, 77 सूत्रs are also found. On these, there is a detailed commentary in 18952194 गाथाs. First, it is prohibited to sit near the root of a सचित्त tree, to sit, stand, sleep, eat, urinate, defecate, etc., and to engage in स्वाध्याय, etc. It is also prohibited to have one's cloth sewn by another तीथिक or householder, and to keep a cloth that is longer than the prescribed limit.
It is prohibited to wash neem leaves, etc., with अचित्त water or cold water. There is a provision for returning foot-wipers, staffs, sticks, needles, and returnable items within a specified period. It is prohibited to cut flax, cotton, etc., to make and keep attractive staffs of सचित्त colors and various colors, and to play the mouth, teeth, lips, nose, etc., like a veena. It is prohibited to use a bed that is not intended for the purpose, to make a menstrual cloth larger than the prescribed size, to make the menstrual cloth fine, to connect the menstrual cloths together, to tie them together illegally, to make even one unnecessary tie, and to make more than three ties even if necessary. It is prohibited to keep away menstrual cloths of other types besides the five types. Pressing with feet, etc., placing under the head, etc., all these activities attract लघुमासिक प्रायश्चित्त. Therefore, the practitioner should avoid all these activities.