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Both traditions mention it, so it must have been created before the schism. The *Vyavaharsutra*, which is considered to be the work of Acharya Bhadrabahu, mentions *Acharaprakalpa* many times. This clearly shows that Bhadrabahu was aware of *Nishith*. Even if the current form of *Nishith* is not the same, it is logical to assume that *fate* was composed before Bhadrabahu's time. *Nishith* was created within 150 years of the Nirvana of Shraman Bhagwan Mahavira. According to *Panchakalapachurni*, Acharya Bhadrabahu composed *Nishith*, and his time is the same. If we follow the other tradition, then Vishakacharya came after Bhadrabahu. Even then, it can be said without a doubt that *Nishith* was created within 175 years of the Nirvana of Vira.
Pandit Muni Shri Kalyanvijayji Gani's clear opinion is that Bhadrabahu Swami is the one who established the *Brihatkalpa* and *Vyavahar* from the *Purvasruta*, and that the one who established *Nishithadhyayan* is not Bhadrabahu but Aryarakshitasuri. Bhadrabahu Swami's provision of atonement in *Kalpa* and *Vyavahar* was sufficient for the Shraman-Shramanis of that time, but by the time of Aryarakshitasuri, the situation had changed drastically. The situation of famine etc. during the Maurya period had ended. The number of Shraman-Shramanis had increased significantly during the time of King Samprati Maurya. With the increase in the number of Shramans, many new problems had also arisen. Therefore, the atonement provision of *Kalpa* and *Vyavahar* seemed insufficient. To control these new situations, it was necessary to create a detailed atonement provision. Therefore, Aryarakshita did not do it from the previous literature. There were six *uddeshakas* in *Kalpadhyayan*, ten *uddeshakas* in *Vyavahar*, twenty *uddeshakas* in *Nishithadhyayan*, and atonement provisions in about 1426 sutras.
The *Panchakalapabhashya Churnikar* has stated that *Nishithadhyayan* was also quoted from *Shruthadhar Bhadrabahu Swami* along with *Kalpa*, *Vyavahar*, etc., but this is not the truth. There is a clear difference in the language and the topics discussed in the *Brihatkalpa* and the sutras of *Nishithadhyayan* and the topics discussed in them. It is true that there is a difference in the language of *Brihatkalpa* and *Vyavahar*, but this difference is due to the changes made later in *Vyavahar*. This is why *Nishithadhyayan* is called *Prakalpaadhyayan* in *Vyavaharsutra*. This change may have happened after Aryarakshitasuri.
**Basis and Subject Matter of Nishith**
*Nishith* is the fifth *chula* of *Shracharang*. It is also called *Nishithadhyayan*. It has twenty *uddeshakas*. The twentieth *uddeshaka* describes the process of giving atonement.
The first *uddeshaka* mentions the monthly *anudghatik* (guru masa) atonement. The second to fifth *uddeshakas* mention the monthly *udghatik* (laghu masa) atonement. The sixth to eleventh *uddeshakas* mention the *chaturmasik* *anudghatik* (guru chaturmas) atonement. The twelfth to twentieth *uddeshakas* mention the *chaturmasik* *udghatik* (laghu chaturmas) atonement.
1. It is also called an independent study. Therefore, its atonement provision is in the previous nineteen *uddeshakas* and
2.
3.
*Vy. Udd. 3. 10; Udd. 5, Sutra 15; Udd. 6, Sutra 4-5 etc.*
*Nishith: Ek Adhyayan* pp. 24-25
*Prabandh Parijat* in the article 'Nishithsutra ka Nirman aur Nirmata'.
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