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## Nishīth Sūtra and the Concept of Paypuchaṇ
The Nishīth Sūtra mentions the concept of paypuchaṇ along with the statement of prāyaścitta. Therefore, the statement of paypuchaṇ in relation to clothes is merely a tool for clothes and is different from rajoharaṇ. If the word paypuchaṇ was used in place of rajoharaṇ in the following 10 sūtras, it would be appropriate to understand paypuchaṇ as rajoharaṇ, but this is not the case. ... In other words, in the Āgamas, wherever there is a statement about topics related to rajoharaṇ, the word rajoharaṇ is used. Where the word paypuchaṇ is used, it is not appropriate to interpret it as rajoharaṇ.
Therefore, the meaning of this second sūtra is that "alṁ thiraṁ dhāraṇijja" - one should not tear up clothes. If they are worn out and no longer suitable for any purpose, they can be discarded. If one uses clothes that are fit for discarding without discarding them, they still incur prāyaścitta.
**Danda etc.** - In this sūtra, "al-thiraṁ" etc. are not adjectives. The reason for this is that whether danda etc. are fit to be worn or not, when they become unusable, they should be discarded in the state they are in. These four are auxiliary tools, therefore, when the cause ceases, they can be discarded even if they are still usable, and if they are unusable, they should be discarded in the same state in the sthāṇḍila. There is a possibility of getting hurt by their pieces. Therefore, one should understand that tearing them up is prohibited and incurs prāyaścitta.
If all three types of clothes are worn out, there is no prāyaścitta in tearing them up and discarding them. If earthen and bamboo vessels are worn out or unusable, there is no prāyaścitta in tearing them up and discarding them. If a wooden vessel is worn out or unusable, there is still a possibility of getting hurt by its pieces, therefore, one should understand that it should not be torn up like danda etc.
The purpose of having a separate sūtra for danda etc. is clear - they are auxiliary tools and can be taken back even after being given away.
The purpose of having two separate sūtras for clothes and vessels is also this - there is some difference in their discarding and non-returnable nature, i.e., clothes are not taken and returned, while vessels are sometimes taken and returned for various reasons like applying paste etc. Due to this difference, separate sūtras have been stated for them.
**Paribhidai** - Three different actions are used in the three sūtras. Therefore, paribhidai means to break. Palichhidai means to tear. Palibhanjai means to break. One should understand the characteristics of these three words in this way.
**Prāyaścitta for Opposite Practices Related to Rajoharaṇ**
43. If a monk performs rajoharaṇ without the proper measurement, or if he intends to do so, he incurs prāyaścitta.
44. If a monk performs rajoharaṇ with excessive fineness, or if he intends to do so, he incurs prāyaścitta.
45. If a monk binds rajoharaṇ with a kandausaga, or if he intends to do so, he incurs prāyaścitta.