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## Fourth Uddeshak
[119-126. A monk who, after defecating, goes too far to perform ablution or approves of someone who does so.
127. A monk who, after defecating, performs ablution more than three times or approves of someone who does so. (He incurs a minor monthly penance.)]
**Discussion:** The essence of these ten sutras is that one should mark out three places for defecation during the evening. The ground for sitting should be at least one handspan long and wide. One should follow the procedure of looking around, etc. After defecation, one should clean the anus with a piece of cloth. Then, one should move a little distance away and purify oneself with water.
The mention of wiping and ablution, etc., is related to great ethics. Sometimes there is a great obstacle of doubt. Therefore, marking out three places is also suitable for that.
After urinating, it is not necessary to wipe or perform ablution, and often one has to urinate more than three times. Therefore, it is appropriate to understand the meaning of these ten sutras primarily in relation to defecation.
1. "Khuddaga" - "Whatever is less than a handspan in length and width is called khuddaga." In the detailed explanation of the gatha, whatever is less than a handspan in length and width is called "khuddaga."
A place that is four angulas deep and less than a handspan in length and width is called "jaghannya vistirna."
2. "Sanuppae" - "Sanuppae is the name of the fourth part of the fourth part of the human body." After finishing one's studies, one should mark out the sleeping place and the place for defecation and urination during the evening time of non-study.
_One can only know about the burrows of animals, insects, etc., pits, uneven ground, etc., by marking out the place. By marking out the place, one can avoid many faults. But if one does not mark out the place, then if one suddenly has to defecate, it is possible to get sick or even die.
3. "Tao" - The reason for marking out three places is that if one looks at only one place, and someone else defecates there or an animal sits there, then there is a possibility of many faults. Therefore, one should mark out three places.
4. "Avihie" - The procedure is to mark out or clean the place where one will sit before defecating, to look around to see if anyone is nearby, to defecate thoughtfully in a place that dries quickly, and not to defecate in the sun if there are worms in the feces. Doing the opposite of this is called "pravidhi."