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## Fourth Objective]
[107 44. A monk who gives a *sanghāḍa* to a *kuśīlas* or approves of the giver. 45. A monk who gives a *sanghāḍa* to a *samsattas* or approves of the giver. 46. A monk who receives a *sanghāḍa* from a *samsattas* or approves of the receiver. 47. A monk who gives a *sanghāḍa* to a *nityas* or approves of the giver. 48. A monk who receives a *sanghāḍa* from a *nityas* or approves of the receiver. 39. A monk who gives a *sanghāḍa* to a *pārśvastha* or approves of the giver.
40. A monk who receives a *sanghāḍa* from a *pārśvastha* or approves of the receiver.
41. A monk who gives a *sanghāḍa* to an *avasanna* or approves of the giver.
42. A monk who receives a *sanghāḍa* from an *avasanna* or approves of the receiver.
43. A monk who gives a *sanghāḍa* to a *kuśīla* or approves of the giver.
44. A monk who receives a *sanghāḍa* from a *kuśīla* or approves of the receiver.
45. A monk who gives a *sanghāḍa* to a *samsakta* or approves of the giver.
46. A monk who receives a *sanghāḍa* from a *samsakta* or approves of the receiver.
47. A monk who gives a *sanghāḍa* to a *nityaka* or approves of the giver.
48. A monk who receives a *sanghāḍa* from a *nityaka* or approves of the receiver. (He incurs the *laghumāsika* penance.)
Discussion - 'Sanghāḍa' - A group of two or more monks is called a *sanghāṭaka* (*sanghāḍa*) and a group of many *sanghāṭakas* is called a *gaṇa* or *gaccha*. In the *āgama*, the word *gaṇa* is sometimes used for *sanghāṭaka* as well.
Giving a monk to someone to live as a *sanghāṭaka* is also called giving a *sanghāḍa*.
These sutras state the penance for giving a *sanghāḍa*, i.e., giving one's own monk to live with *pāsattā* etc.
Living with *pāsattā* etc. and going together on *gocari* can lead to conflict due to differences in conduct or investigation, or it can lead to disrespect for the Jain teachings in various ways, and it can also lead to
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