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(5) The Formation of the Word "Taramandal" (Constellation)
The word "tara" (star) is feminine. It is derived from the root "tar" (to swim, to float). "Taranti anaya iti tara" (They swim by this, hence "tara").
Sailors, who were traders, used to navigate the seas at night by observing the constellations. The Pole Star remains stationary and indicates the north direction. The other directions are determined by the regular movement of planets, stars, and zodiac signs. Therefore, those that help in the navigation of boats, etc., are called "tara" (stars).
Travel in the desert is comfortable at night, so travelers use the stars to navigate at night.
Experts in constellations know the auspicious and inauspicious aspects of a province or country. Therefore, the relationship between stars and the creatures of the earth is very close.
Thus, the moon, sun, planets, stars, and constellations are the cause of human happiness and sorrow. The mathematics of Ganitanuyog is "Samyak Shruta" (rightly known).
In the list of "Mithyashruta" (falsely known), mathematics is considered "Mithyashruta". This does not mean that all types of mathematics are "Mithyashruta".
One should understand that only that mathematics which is not useful or helpful in the practice of self-purification is "Mithyashruta". Here, "Mithya" means "useless", not false.
One of the causes of the origin of detachment is the knowledge of the nature of the world, i.e., "Lokabhavna" (worldly feelings). Therefore, all mathematics related to the lower and higher worlds is "Samyak Shruta", because it cannot be the cause of livelihood or other careful actions.
The mathematical formulas in the three parts of "Sthanank", "Samvayang", and "Vyakhyaprajnapti", and in the three sub-parts of "Jambudvipaprajnapti", "Chandraprajnapti", and "Surya Prajnapti" are all "Samyak Shruta" because the parts and sub-parts are "Samyak Shruta".
**Citations from Other Beliefs - Formulation of Self-Beliefs**
The "Chandra-Surya Prajnapti" contains citations from many beliefs, as well as formulations of self-beliefs. The word "Pratipatti" indicates other beliefs. The list of "Pratipattis" in the "Chandra-Surya Prajnapti" is as follows:
1. Nandi Sutra 2. Jagat Kayasvabhavi Cha Samvega-Vairagyarthah. Tattvarth Sutra A. 7
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