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The **Anuttaraupapatik Sutra** describes the lives of 33 great souls (**Mahapurasha**) in three sections.
**Section One:**
This section details the lives of ten princes: Jali, Mayali, Upajali, Purusha-sena, Varisen, Dirghadant, Lashtdant, Vehall, Vehayas, and Abhayakumar. It provides information about their parents, cities, births, and the kings and gardens of their time. These ten princes embraced **sannyasa** (renunciation) under the guidance of Lord Mahavira, engaged in intense **tapasya** (austerities), and attained the **Anuttaravimana** (highest celestial realm). From there, they will be reborn as humans and ultimately achieve **siddha** (perfection), **buddha** (enlightenment), and **moksha** (liberation).
**Section Two:**
This section narrates the lives of thirteen princes: Dirghase-na, Maha-sena, Lashtdant, Gudhadant, Shuddhadant, Hall, Drum, Drum-sena, Maha-gum-sena, Singh, Singh-sena, Maha-singh-sena, and Punyase-na. Their stories are similar to that of Jali-kumar, highlighting their luxurious lives and subsequent **tapasya**. These princes also attained the five **Anuttaravimana** and will eventually be reborn as humans to achieve **siddha**, **buddha**, and **moksha**.
**Section Three:**
This section focuses on ten princes: Dhanyakumar, Sunaksha-trakumar, Rishi-das, Pell-ak, Rampu-tra, Chandrik, Prisht-imatrik, Pedhal-putra, Posht-ill, and Vehall. It depicts their luxurious lives followed by their **tapasya**. Dhanyakumar's story is elaborated upon.
Dhanyakumar, the son of Bhadra Sarthavahi of Kak-andi, was blessed with immense wealth and pleasures. He lived a life of luxury until he heard Lord Mahavira's teachings on **tyaga** (renunciation) and **vairagya** (detachment). This inspired him to renounce his worldly possessions and become a **muni** (ascetic).
His **tapasya** after becoming a **muni** was extraordinary. He vowed to perform **chhath-chhath** (six-day) **parana** (fasting) for the rest of his life, consuming only **ruksha bhojan** (dry food) with strict self-imposed restrictions. His intense **tapasya** reduced his body to mere bones.
Dhanyakumar was a remarkable **tapasvi** (ascetic) during Lord Mahavira's time, known for his **maha-dushkar-karak** (greatly difficult) and **maha-nirjara-karak** (greatly destructive) **tapasya**. Lord Mahavira himself declared Dhanyakumar to be the epitome of **tapasya** among fourteen thousand **shramanas** (ascetics). Through his intense **sadhana** (spiritual practice) over nine months, Dhanyakumar attained the **Sarvarth-siddha Vimana** (celestial realm of complete fulfillment). He will be reborn as a human and achieve **siddha**, **buddha**, and **moksha** through his **tapasya**.
Sunaksha-trakumar, Dhanyakumar's younger brother, had a similar life story. The remaining eight princes also followed a similar path of indulgence and **tapasya**.
The **Anuttaraupapatik Sutra** provides insights into the lives of these 33 **Mahapurasha**, reflecting the social and cultural context of ancient times. It holds historical significance due to its depiction of this period.