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## Third Study Summary
Varanasi has been a rich and renowned city in India for millennia. Even today, it holds international significance in the field of education. During the time of Lord Mahavira, the king of Varanasi was named Jitasatru. Jitasatru's kingdom was vast. Associated descriptions suggest that cities like Champa were major cities within his kingdom. In those days, there used to be "Chaityas" on the outskirts of cities, where Acharyas, Sadhus, and Sannyasis who came to the city would stay. In Varanasi, there was a Chaitya called "Kosthak". Even today, there are gardens, temples, and resting places outside cities.
In Varanasi, a Gahapati named Chulnipita resided. His wife's name was Shyama. Chulnipita was an extremely wealthy, prosperous householder, his wealth exceeding even Anand and Kamadeva. He had eight crore gold coins in his treasury. It seems that in those days, very wealthy people kept some permanent capital that they did not use for any work. It was a secure fund to be used in adverse times. While wealth can increase significantly in trade and business, it can also decrease or even disappear entirely. Therefore, in their view, it was essential to have some capital that was kept separate and could be used when needed. This was a good division in the use and investment of their capital in those days. Chulnipita had invested eight crore gold coins in trade. His eight crore gold coins were used for household equipment, furnishings, and splendor. This was a balanced life of the wealthy people of that time; they invested in trade, kept some secure, and also invested in the grandeur, dignity, influence, and comfort of their homes in the same proportion. In those days, the population of the country was less, and there was a lot of land, so cattle rearing was prevalent in India on a large scale. The mention of Anand and Kamadeva having four and six Gokuls respectively has been found. There were eight Gokuls of Chulnipita, each with ten thousand cows. This vast wealth and movable and immovable property clearly indicate that Chulnipita was a very affluent man of that time.
When we read ancient literature, one thing becomes clear. Many men were owners of great wealth and prosperity, they had all kinds of material or worldly pleasures, but they did not get carried away by the intoxication of pleasures. They thought about that life in time, which is separate from wealth, prosperity, splendor, enjoyment, and luxury. But, it is real and useful.
Upon the arrival of Lord Mahavira, Anand and Kamadeva...