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## [172]
[Samvayanga Sutra]
This is elaborated in the Angas. It also discusses in detail the nature of Jiva-Ajiva, Lok-Alok, punya-papa, etc. Although there are countless different opinions about the nature of the Tattvas, based on their own imaginations, they are broadly divided into four categories. They are: 1. Kriyavadi, 2. Akriyavadi, 3. Agnanika, and 4. Vainayika. Their brief description is as follows:
1. **Kriyavadi:** Those who believe in punya-papa, bandha-moksha, and their causative actions, but hold onto a single side, are called Kriyavadi. Their number is one hundred and eighty. It is as follows: Kriyavadi believe in nine substances: Jiva, Ajiva, Asrava, Bandha, Samvara, Nirjara, Punya, Papa, and Moksha. Again, some believe in each substance as being self-existent (svatah), while others believe it to be dependent (paratah). Therefore, there are eighteen divisions of the nine substances. Again, some believe in these eighteen divisions as being eternal (nitya), while others believe them to be non-eternal (anitya). Therefore, multiplying eighteen by two, there are thirty-six divisions. Again, some believe these thirty-six divisions to be caused by time (kalakruta), some by God (ishvarakruta), some by the self (atmakruta), some by destiny (niyatikruta), and some by nature (svabhavakruta). Thus, multiplying the said thirty-six divisions by these five beliefs (36 x 5 = 180), there are one hundred and eighty divisions of Kriyavadi.
2. **Akriyavadi:** They do not believe in punya and papa, but only in the seven substances, including Jiva, and some believe them to be self-existent (svatah), while others believe them to be dependent (paratah). Therefore, multiplying seven by these two divisions, there are fourteen divisions. Again, some believe these fourteen divisions to be caused by time (kalakruta), some by God (ishvarakruta), some by the self (atmakruta), some by destiny (niyatikruta), some by nature (svabhavakruta), and some by chance (yadrichchhajanita). Thus, multiplying the said fourteen substances by these six beliefs (14 x 6 = 84), there are eighty-four divisions of Akriyavadi.
3. **Agnanika:** Their belief is that who knows if there is a Jiva or not? Is there an Ajiva or not? And so on. They put the Jiva and other substances in the confusion of ignorance. And regarding the seven bhangas (categories) by which the Jina Dev has described these nine substances: (1) Syadasti, (2) Syannaasti, (3) Syadasti-naasti, (4) Syadavaktvy, (5) Syadasti-avaktvy, (6) Syannaasti-avaktvy, and (7) Syadasti-naasti-avaktvy, they also express ignorance about them. Thus, due to the ignorance of the said seven bhangas regarding the nine substances, there are sixty-three divisions (9 x 7 = 63). And besides the nine substances, they also express ignorance about the tenth, the origin, through the first four bhangas out of the said seven. Thus, adding these four divisions to the said sixty-three, there are sixty-seven divisions of Agnanika.
4. **Vainayika:** They consider it a duty to be respectful to everyone. According to their belief, it is a duty to be respectful in mind, speech, and body to: 1. Dev, 2. Nripati, 3. Gnāti, 4. Yati, 5. Stavira (Elder), 6. Adhama, 7. Mata, and 8. Pita, and to give them charity. Thus, multiplying the said eight by mind, speech, body, and charity, there are thirty-two divisions (8 x 4 = 32) of Vainayika.