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[Ten-Place Aggregates]
[25 Ten-Place Aggregates 61. Ten Saman Dharma (Ascetic Virtues) are stated, such as- Patience 1, Liberation 2, Uprightness 3, Gentleness 4, Lightness 5, Truthfulness 6, Restraint 7, Austerity 8, Renunciation 9, Brahmacharya 10.
Ascetic virtues are said to be of ten kinds, such as- Patience 1, Liberation 2, Uprightness 3, Gentleness 4, Lightness 5, Truthfulness 6, Restraint 7, Austerity 8, Renunciation 9, Brahmacharya 10.
Explanation- Those who renounce the beginning-acquisition and home-door and take up restraint and continuously strive for its flawless observance are called "Ascetics". They are advised to observe the ten virtues of patience etc. to conquer their passions. The most prominent passion is anger. To conquer it, it is essential to cultivate patience, tolerance or forgiveness. The lifelong restraint-practice of great ascetics like Dwipayana was destroyed by a moment of anger and they attained downfall. The second powerful passion is greed, to renounce it, it is necessary to observe the virtue of liberation, i.e., non-greed. Similarly, to conquer the passion of delusion, the virtue of uprightness is prescribed and to conquer the passion of pride, the virtue of gentleness is prescribed. By conquering the passion of pride, the virtue of lightness automatically manifests. And by conquering the passion of delusion, the virtue of truthfulness also manifests. To restrain the tendency of the five senses towards their objects, the observance of the four virtues of restraint, austerity, renunciation and Brahmacharya is advised. Here, renunciation refers to the renunciation of all kinds of attachments (acquisition), both internal and external. Giving is also called renunciation. Therefore, the giving of alms from the alms received by the sincere and pleasing ascetics is also considered to be the duty of the ascetics. The complete observance of the ascetic virtues is possible only by residing with the great ascetics who are the upholders of Brahmacharya, therefore, it is given the last place.
62- Ten states of mind-absorption are stated, such as- The arising of the thought of Dharma, which had not arisen before, knowing all Dharma, is the first state of the arising of mind-absorption or peace (1).