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## The Second Stage
The first stage described the states of *asamadhi*. The practice of *asamadhi* states leads to the acquisition of *shabala* defects. Therefore, in this stage, in relation to the first stage, the author describes the *shabala* defects in detail.
Now the question arises, what is *shabala* (defect)? The answer is that *shabala* is of two types: "dravya-shabala" and "bhava-shabala". *Dravya-shabala*, as the *koshakara* say, "shabalam karburam chitram" - refers to the variegated (multicolored) color of animals like cows. *Bhava-shabala* is the name of the defect that affects the mind when it is grasped; that is, to deviate from one's own rules is called *bhava-shabala*. However, *bhava-shabala* only extends to *atikram*, *vyatikram*, and *atichaar*.
For example, if a person invites a sage to their home for a meal, accepting the invitation is the *atikram* defect, presenting oneself for the meal is *vyatikram*, taking the meal in a vessel is the *atichaar* defect, and consuming the meal becomes the *anaachar* defect.
The breaking of the first three of the fundamental qualities is *shabala* defect-inducing (causing defect), and the breaking of the fourth is called *sarva-bhang* (complete breaking). It is also said, "Mula gunesh-adim eshu bhang eshu shabalo bhavati chaturthe bhang e sarva-bhang".
Before describing the *shabala* defects in detail, it is necessary to explain that just as a stain on a white cloth is removed by appropriate substances like alkali, similarly...