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INTRODUCTION
deal of subject matter often expressed in identical or nearly identical gathas, Similarly it has some găthis common with the Mūlācāra of Vattakera, the Bțhat-kşetrasamasa of Jinabhadra, the Trilokasära of Nemicandra and the Jyotişkarandaka (for details, see the Hindi Intro.): some of these gāthās might have been a part of traditional memory of cosmographical knowledge current among Jaina monks.
The entire work is written in găthā metre, and the Prakrit dialect used by the author can be called Jaina Sauraseni according to the terminology of Pischel (Grammatik der Prākrit-Sprachen, Strassburg 1900, pp. 19-20). In this work there are heavy descriptions of some regions, and they remind us of the long compounds in the Ardhamāgadhī canon.
3. PADMANANDI: THE AUTHOR Though no date of the composition is mentioned, the author Paümanamdi or Padmanandi has supplied us with some information about tual genealogy in the concluding verses (XIII. 155 ff.). There was a great saint Viranandi who was endowed with five Mahāvratas, pure in faith, possessed of knowledge and the merits of self-control and penance, free from attachment etc., heroic, full of fivefold conduct, kind to six classes of living beings. free from infatuation and above joy and sorrow ( 158–59). His great disciple was Balanandi, who was well-versed in the Sūtras and their interpretations, who was of deep wisdom, who abstained from scandalising others, who was free from attachment, who was endowed with faith, knowledge and conduct, and whose mind was free from anxieties round about (160-61). And his disciple was Paumaņaṁdi or Padmanandi, endowed with many a virtue, free from Dandas, pure with reference to three Salyas, free from three Gāravas, who had reached the other end of Siddhānta, who was endowed with penances and other vows, who was devoted to faith, knowledge and conduct, and who was free from preliminary sins (162-63). Padmanandi tells us that he received instructions in the scriptures from Srivijaya who was a great teacher of Paramāgama and endowed with spiritual values; and it is through his benign favour that he composed in short the various sections in this work (144-45, 153, 164).
There was a famous and learned monk Māghanandi who was frec from attachment and aversion, who had crossed the ocean of scriptural knowledge, who was endowed with deep wisdom, austerities and self-control. His eminent pupil was Sakalacandra who had washed his sins in the ocean of Siddhanta, who was meritorious, and who practised austerities and various rules of conduct. Sakalacandra's great and famous pupil was Śrīnandi who was endowed with spotless knowledge and conduct, and who was pure in his right faith. It is for the sake of this Śrīnandi that Padmanandi wrote this JPS
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