Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Introduction
1
It is said that they were great devotees of the Jinas and were deeply impressed by the Jinas' austerity and literary qualities. They soon became staunch followers of Jainism. According to the clear mentions in their Sanskrit work 'Prashnottarranmala' and the contemporary work 'Ganitasara Sangraha' by Mahaviracharya, they had renounced their kingdom and embraced a religious life (see Prof. Hiralal Jain 'Rashtrakut King Amoghvarsha's Jain Diksha' Ja. Si. Bhaskar Bha. 9k. 1 and Anekant, year 5, pp. 183-107). Their reign was very victorious and prosperous, and they lived for a long time. Jinasena, having learned grammar, rhetoric, logic, and other traditional subjects from teachers like Vira Sena and Jayasena, began his literary creation, presumably before Saka Samvat 705 (AD 782), with the composition of the Sanskrit poem 'Parsvabhyudaya'. This poem is considered unique in Sanskrit literature. In each of his stanzas, the poet has incorporated one or two lines from Kalidasa's 'Meghaduta', a short poem, and the remaining lines are his own creation. In this way, he has presented the entire 'Meghaduta' in his poem through the poetic skill of problem-solving. Although the plot of both poems is completely different, the lines of 'Meghaduta' fit beautifully and naturally in 'Parsvabhyudaya'. The problem-solving aspect imposes many restrictions on the poet. However, Jinasena has handled his creation with such skill and cleverness that the reader of 'Parsvabhyudaya' never doubts that it also includes a separate poem on a different subject and with a different context. Thus, 'Parsvabhyudaya' is a beautiful testament to Jinasena's mastery of the Sanskrit language and his poetic skill. His praise for Kalidasa's poetry further elevates his personality. Only a great poet can praise another poet in his poetry. Regarding this poem, Professor K.B. Pathak opines that "Parsvabhyudaya is an amazing creation of Sanskrit literature. It is the product and ideal of the literary taste of its time. Kalidasa is unanimously considered to be the highest among Indian poets, yet Jinasena is worthy of being considered a more talented poet than the author of 'Meghaduta'." (Journal, Bombay Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, No. 49, Vol. 18 (1892) and 'Meghaduta' edited by Pathak, 2nd edition, Poona 1916, Introduction, pp. 23 etc.)
1
After completing his commentary on the 'Patkhandagama' in seventy-two thousand 'loka' verses, Vira Sena Swami began writing the 'Jayadhwala' commentary on 'Kapya Prabhrit'. Only twenty thousand 'sloka' verses of this work were completed when he passed away. Therefore, the task of completing the commentary fell upon his worthy disciple Jinasena. He completed this great and sacred text in 838 AD with his forty thousand 'loka' verses. These vast commentaries are indicative of the profound knowledge of their authors and their great scholarship in all aspects of Jainism, especially the theory of karma. These works include all the known facts on the subject and almost all the previous Sanskrit and Prakrit commentaries. Jinasena's poetic skill is evident from his memorable poem 'Parsvabhyudaya', and his vast scholarship is evident from his immortal commentary 'Jayadhwala'. In the 'Mahapuraana', his dual talent is even more evident in a developed form.
From the perspective of Jain Puranas and principles, the 'Mahapuraana' is highly respected by experts; however, Sanskrit scholars have not paid as much attention as they should to its literary qualities. Many sections of the 'Mahapuraana' are excellent examples of Sanskrit poetry. In this field, Jinasena has demonstrated his familiarity with the works of his predecessors. He has used the Sanskrit language in a very simple and natural way, yet he has also elevated it. His 'Sahasranama Stotra' reveals how much he has benefited from both the strengths and weaknesses of the Sanskrit language, grammar, and vocabulary. He is a mature master of poetic structure and has occasionally employed 'Chitra Kavya' (pictorial poetry). His descriptions are extremely rich and filled with verbal and semantic figures of speech. The brilliance of his imagination in his 'Mahapuraana',
3