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## Explanation of Internal Austerity
**Chapter Four, Light of Yoga, Verse 90**
To protect the body, one should treat the wound of emotions caused by the surgical instrument of transgression. The first type of wound, caused by transgression in activities like begging for alms, is purified simply by revealing and criticizing it to the Guru. The second type of wound, caused by transgression due to sudden circumstances or lack of secrecy, is purified by repentance. The third type of wound, caused by attachment and aversion towards objects like words, is purified by both criticism and repentance. The fourth type of wound, caused by knowingly consuming non-permissible food, is purified by reflection (parathna). The fifth type of wound is purified by bodily exertion, the sixth by austerity, and the seventh by a specific type of piercing. (Necessary Notes 1434-1442)
The fruits of repentance are: abandoning the fault of carelessness, removing the state of surgical instrument through joy in emotions, not abandoning the limits, and firmly practicing self-control.
**2. Vyayavritti**
Vyayavritti is the inclination or feeling towards performing actions mentioned in the teachings of the Nirgranthas or the Agamas. It also includes offering resistance to afflictions like disease, hardship, and falsehood, and serving, treating, or attending to venerable persons, sick ascetics, or the Sangha with one's own body in the absence of external resources.
The ten best recipients of Vyayavritti are: 1. Acharya, 2. Upadhyaya, 3. Sthavir, 4. Tapasvi, 5. Navadhikṣita, 6. Rugna-Sadhu, 7. Saman Dharmi, 8. Kula, 9. Gana, and 10. Sangha.
Their explanations are as follows:
* **Acharya:** One who strictly follows the five codes of conduct themselves and makes others follow them, or one who is served by the Acharya, is an Acharya. There are five types of Acharyas: 1. Pravrajaka Acharya, 2. Diga Acharya, 3. Uddeshaka Acharya, 4. Samuddeshaka Acharya, and 5. Vachana Acharya.
* **Pravrajaka Acharya:** Those who impose Samayika, Vrata, etc.
* **Diga Acharya:** Those who give knowledge about the nature of things, whether they are sentient, insentient, or mixed.
* **Uddeshaka Acharya:** Those who make one perform Yoga and other practices and initiate them into the knowledge of scriptures.
* **Samuddeshaka Acharya:** In the absence of the initiating Guru, those who explain the same scriptures and give permission according to the rules.
* **Vachana Acharya:** Those who explain the meaning of traditional pronouncements and exceptions, explain the meaning of sermons, give permission for things like Upka and Nishadya, explain the meaning of the scriptures, and speak about conduct or self-study.
* **Upadhyaya:** One who studies scriptures under the guidance of these Acharyas with humility.
* **Sthavir:** Generally means an elderly ascetic. There are three types: 1. Shruta Sthavir, 2. Diksha Sthavir, and 3. Vaya Sthavir.
* **Shruta Sthavir:** One who has studied the Samavayanga Sutra.
* **Diksha Sthavir:** One who has been a monk for 20 years.
* **Vaya Sthavir:** One who is 60 years old or older.
* **Tapasvi:** One who performs austerities ranging from four fasts to six months.
* **Navadhikṣita:** A newly initiated ascetic who is capable of teaching.
* **Glana Sadhu:** A monk who is weak and afflicted due to illness.
* **Saman Dharmi:** One who engages in twelve types of sexual behavior.
* **Kula:** A group of ascetics of the same caste or with similar codes of conduct.
* **Gana:** A group of ascetics under the guidance of one Acharya.
* **Sangha:** The fourfold community of ascetics, lay men, and lay women.
Vyayavritti includes serving these individuals, from Acharya to Sangha, by providing them with food, water, clothes, utensils, shelter, mats, stools, blankets, beds, and other religious necessities, or by offering them medicine, alms, etc. It also includes helping them during times of illness or other difficulties, assisting them in crossing forests, taking care of them during calamities, etc.
**3. Swadhyaya**
Swadhyaya is the study of scriptures in a disciplined manner during the time allocated for it, avoiding other activities. It involves studying the Sutras, etc., in relation to Porsi, etc. There are five types of Swadhyaya: 1. Vachana, 2. Prichchhana, 3. Paravartan (Paryatana), 4. Anupreksha, and 5. Dharmakatha.
* **Vachana:** Teaching the Sutras, etc., to students.
* **Prichchhana:** Asking questions to clarify doubts or determine the meaning of the Sutras.
* **Paravartan (Paryatana):** Reflecting on the Sutras and their meaning in the mind.
* **Anupreksha:** Examining the Sutras and their meaning.
* **Dharmakatha:** Narrating religious stories.