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## Transgressions of the Fifth (Parigrahaparimaana) Vow and their Causes
**Chapter 3, Light of Yoga, Verse 94 onwards**
To possess more than the prescribed limit (parimaana) of gold, silver, and other possessions, as defined in the Yoga Shastra, is a transgression of the fifth vow.
**Explanation:**
The transgression occurs when a householder, adhering to the principles of Shravak Dharma, exceeds the quantity or number of possessions they have set for themselves.
**Types of Possessions:**
* **Dhana (Wealth):** There are four types of Dhana:
* **Ganima:** Items counted, like nutmeg and betel nuts.
* **Dharim:** Items weighed, like saffron and jaggery.
* **Mey:** Items measured, like oil, ghee, and cloth.
* **Parikshya:** Items tested, like gems, jewelry, and pearls.
* **Dhannya (Grain):** There are 17 types of Dhannya:
* Rice, Barley, Wheat, Chickpeas, Juar, Urad, Masoor, Arhar, Moong, Moth, Chaunla (Rajma), Matar (Kulth), Sesame, Kodo, Raagoon (Raungi), and Sun Dhannya.
* Some texts mention 24 types of Dhannya.
**Transgressions:**
1. **Dhannya-Dhannya Pramaanatikram:** Possessing more than the prescribed limit of Dhannya and Dhana, either for oneself or for others.
2. **Kupyapramaanatikram:** Possessing more than the prescribed limit of items made from metals other than gold and silver, such as bronze, copper, iron, lead, zinc, and alloys. This includes utensils, beds, chairs, sofas, wardrobes, chariots, carts, vehicles, plows, tractors, and other household items.
3. **Dwipad-Chatushpad Pramaanatikram:** Possessing more than the prescribed limit of bipeds (humans, sons, daughters, servants, maids) and quadrupeds (cows, bulls, buffaloes, goats, sheep, donkeys, camels, elephants, horses, and other domesticated animals). This also includes birds like parrots, mynas, swans, peacocks, chickens, and quails.
4. **Kshetravastu Pramaanatikram:** Possessing more than the prescribed limit of land (Kshetra) and buildings (Vastu).
* **Kshetra:**
* **Setu Kshetra:** Land irrigated by wells, ponds, waterwheels, or pumps.
* **Ketuk shetra:** Land irrigated only by rainwater.
* **Ubhay (Setu-Ketuk) Kshetra:** Land irrigated by both methods.
* **Vastu:**
* **Khat:** Underground buildings (basements).
* **Uchchrit:** Buildings above ground (houses, shops, mansions).
* **Khatouchchrit:** Buildings with both underground and aboveground sections.
* This also includes gardens, orchards, courtyards, guest houses, offices, shops, villages, and cities.
5. **Hiranya-Suvarna Pramaanatikram:** Possessing more than the prescribed limit of silver (Hiranya) and gold (Suvarna), including coins, jewelry, and other items made from these metals.
**Note:** These five transgressions are compound words in Sanskrit, indicating a combination of two elements. Therefore, when taking the vow, one must set a limit for the quantity, weight, measure, type, or number of possessions for the entire four-month period or for life.